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06 THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN, image, image,…
06 THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
1 THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII: STABILITY OF THE REGIME
Conservative Party was a group of moderate politicians
Liberal Party inherited the ideology of the Sexenio Revolucionario
Constitution of 1876
Suffrage
Rights and freedoms
Parliament
Religion
Sovereignty
Turnismo
orchestrated exchange of powers between the main political parties in late nineteenth-century Spain.
It is usually not known who is going to govern until an election happens
Bourbon Restoration
period that began when Bourbon dynasty returned to Spanish throne
The election was manipulated in favour of the party that the king had chosen
2 THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: CRISIS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
the events that happened became known as the Disaster of 1898
Regenerationism: movement that sought to regenerate Spain’s socio-political situation
1898: Treaty of Paris
María Cristina was pregnant and during the regency, the political regime began to show signs of crisis.
regional problem
1890: sectors of the Catalan and Basque nationalist movements began to state their proposals
1894: Basque nationalism
1877: Catalan nationalism
The colonial problem
problem of popular representation
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND THEIR ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS
There were high death rates because of wars, measles, yellow fever, malaria...
Spanish population in the 19th century
During the 19th century. Spain’s population grew little
FINANCIAL CHANGES
Spanish tax system was unfair
Many credit associations were established
Peseta: currency used in Spain between 1868 and 2002
1865: Banco de España was founded
CACIQUISMO
They had armed followers who intimidated population
They rigged elections through turnismo
Developed in rural Spain in the 19th century
THE LABOUR MOVEMENT
1888: He also helped found the socialist General Union of Workers
was founded by Pablo Iglesias in 1879
main achievements by the labour movement were changes to employment legislation
1873: Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen’s Association
+30.000 members in Cataluña, Levante and Andalucía
