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Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Genetics
Genetic Drift
- Random process that can lead to changes in large Population over short period of time
- Higher chance of genetic drift in smaller population because of inbreading which reduces the variety of alleles (=homozygous)
- Changes in the gene pool of a populaltion
Hardy Weinberg
A^2+2Aa+a^2=1
A= probablilty of gene 1 homozygote
a= probility of gene 2 homozygote
Aa= probabiloty of hererozygotes
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: "genotype frequencies in a population remains constant between generations in the absence of disturbance by outside factors”
5 conditions:
- no mutation
- no natural selection
- large population
- no genetic drift
- random mating
Evolution
Evolution is a process of gradual change that takes place over many generations, during which species of animals, plants, or insects slowly change some of their physical characteristics.
- Microevolution = evolution on a small scale that deals with changes in the gne pool for a single population
- Macroevolution = evolution on a larger scale that takes places over long periods of time and includes the origin of new groups
Genetics
Inhericance
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Definition:
- Inheritance= transmission of genetic information from parent to child
Alleles can be:
- Dominant= produces a dominant phenotype
- Recessive = takes 2 alleles to produce a recessive phenotype
In reproduction the sperm cell combines with the egg cell to form the first cell of the new organism
-
genotype
Genotype= unique genetic code of an individual. It can be used to describe an entire genome or just an individual gene and its alleles.
Non-intentional mating
- intentionally try to improve varieties or create new ones by carefully making sure that mating is not random
- hope to increase the frequency of those traits in future generations.
Natural selection
- living organisms adapt and change
- individuals with traits better suited to the environment survive/ more abundant
Adaptation
- process where a species becomes fitted to its environment in their structure, physiology, and genetics, in their locomotion or dispersal, in their means of defense and attack, in their reproduction and development, etc.
