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Transcription/Translation/Viruses/Technology - Coggle Diagram
Transcription/Translation/Viruses/Technology
Transcription
DNA ➡️ mRNA (messenger RNA)
Occurs in the Nucleus
Happens BEFORE Translation
Central Dogma of Biology
DNA ➡️ mRNA (messenger RNA) ➡️ :Amino Acids (Protein)
Translation
mRNA (messenger RNA) ➡️ Amino Acids
Occurs in Ribosomes
Happens AFTER Transcription
Viruses
Virus - nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a protein coat
Oblique Intracellular Parasite - to reproduce, (capsid) must enter a host cell + use cellular machinery (ex: DNA polymerase, ribosomes) to make copies of themselves.
Phage - a virus that infects a bacteria
Other Structures
Envelope
Protects from immune system
Helps virus attach to cells
Glycoproteins
Help attach to host cell
Lytic vs. Lysogenic
Lytic
Viral DNA/RNA enters cell, circularizes, immediately makes copies of self --> cell bursts + new virus released
Virulent virus/phase
Characteristics
Virulent phage
Kills the host cell
Is usually considered "acute"
Lysogenic
Viral RNA/DNA enters cell, circularizes, inserts self into hosts DNA + is copied as cell divides.
May "go lytic" at some time
Temperate virus/phage
Ex. HIV
Characteristics
Formation of a prophage
Virus reproduced along with new bacterial cells through binary fission
Does not kill the host cell
Infection may last for a long time
HIV
Uses the enzyme "reverse transcriptase" which does exactly what it sounds like-- reverses transcription.
Codes our RNA to DNA and inserts its DNA into helper T-cells.
Helper T-cells stimulate our immune system causing a big decrease in immune system and you get really sick catching basically any cold/sickness
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
You are considered to have AIDS when you already have HIV and you get sick causing your helper T-cells to go below a certain point.