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Theories of Contemporary Educational Institutions, Genesis Aparicio 4-787…
Theories of Contemporary Educational Institutions
Introduction to Education and Contemporary Educational Institutions
Concepts
Pedagogy:
It is a set of knowledge that deals with education as a typically social and specifically human phenomenon.
Education:
It is a permanent and comprehensive process of interaction through which there is individual and group learning.
Pedagogy and Educational Sciences:
They deal with all issues of development and instruction of each individual person so that they can deploy an autonomous and responsible life in society and the community.
Main Educational Agents
They are the family and the school, although, ultimately, educational responsibility falls on the whole of society and it is an uninterrupted process that continues throughout people's lives.
Education Concept
Types of Education
Formal education:
Learning normally offered by an education or training center, on a structured basis and concluding with a certification.
Informal Education:
Learning that is obtained in the activities of daily life related to work, family or leisure. It is not structured and does not normally lead to a certification.
Non-formal education:
Learning that is not offered by an education or training center and does not normally lead to certification. However, it is structured.
Modalities and Strategies
Modalities to the set of differentiated and specialized options in which an educational level can be organized in order to meet the training needs of specialized human resources.
The School System
Evolution of the School System
The first mass education systems arose in the second half of the 19th century in various European countries and the United States of America.
In 1870, the Forster law was approved in England, which created a state system of schools, sponsored by churches and school boards.
Between the years 1830 and 1860, the government of the United States of America ordered the construction of schools and allocated financial resources to promote education. In various countries, laws establishing free and compulsory education were established.
Fundamentals of the School System.
The Educational system is based on its own purposes, organization and structure to develop the curriculum that it designs, from a broader conception.
The Panamanian School System
Promotion of the democratization of educational services.
Priority attention to improving the quality of education.
Search for modern, decentralized and efficient planning and management.
Expansion of family and community participation in education.
International bases of education
Education and Latin American countries
In Latin American countries (Latin America and the Caribbean) there are still 40 million adults who lack the basic learning tools to make informed decisions and fully participate in the development of their societies.
Education and the European Union (EU)
The most important European educational programs are Comenius, in the school environment, Leonardo da Vinci, for professional training, Erasmus, for university education and Grundvig, for adult education.
The First Theories of Pedagogical Modernity
Dewey's Scientism
Theoretical Conception
It is based on the fact that the child learns from experience, therefore, it should be encouraged as a natural inclination to ask, explore and inquire habitually. Education should be a democratic process of activity guided by the scientific method.
The New School: principles and methodological contributions
María Montessori:
Her method is empirical and experimental, based on reality. The main object of this method is to develop the possibilities of children in a pleasant and motivating structured environment.
Decroly:
The principles and the methodology base that he proposed to the world were found in the educational movement called École Nouvelle, which had an important moment in Europe in the twenties.
Anti-authoritarian theories
Neill, Ferrer Guardia, Freinet, others.
Neill (1883-1973)
, Scottish. He was the son of a rural teacher. He is situated in the English anti-authoritarian movement of the progressive schools. The training of him completes him with psychoanalysis.
Most Important Ideas
Do not forget his psychoanalytic conception: all his action is based on the fundamental notion that Oedipal anguish is responsible for and represses the energy of the drives in the parents and, therefore, in the child.
His boarding school is a private school, with small staff and with intentional selection of students, with which his experience is relatively generalizable. Re-educational center that welcomes children who have failed in the traditional system.
To what extent is the child capable of exercising voluntary and autonomous control over his own behavior if all external coercion is excluded?
Genesis Aparicio 4-787-1995