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Totalitarianism and fascism in Europe, Totalitarianism and fascism …
Totalitarianism and fascism in Europe
Characteristics of “European” fascism
Aversion to communist internationalist ideas
No trust in democratic government
Faith rests on national love
Goal: To build a strong and orderly nation
Strong Authoritarian and Racially Loyal Collective
Racism: A military state based on racial boundaries.
The present symbolizes the rule of power, violence and terror, and foreign aggression and plunder.
Causes of the rise fascism
Nationalist right-wing ideals emerge in Europe after atrocities and humiliations after ww1
The Volk of the 19th century and the spirit of the masses begin to emerge. The world of survival of the fittest and survival of the weak. It is tyranny. Hitler is interested in this and twists the concept to suit his own ends.
In the 1880s, Georges Schönal founded the Van der Deutschen party in Austria. Unite all German-speaking peoples under German rule (violent racism).
In 1919 Italian patriotism, led at home by Riehl Dannunzio, occupied Fiume on the Croatian coast.
Europe was in turmoil after World War I
Economic hardship
1918-1920 Political instability
The breakdown of leftist political thought
Communist violence against political opponents in Eastern Europe, Germany, Italy and Spain
Frequent conflicts between communist, socialist and trade union groups
Lack of government authority
In 1922 the Fascist leader Benito Mussolini's Black Shirts of the Minutemen seized power from the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III and became the new leader of Italy. Fascism takes shape in Europe
Mussolini re-established a Fascist organization in Milan on March 23, 1919
Consequences
World War II
The fascist regime's efforts to expand its foreign aggression and fight for world domination led to the outbreak of World War II.
The number of people who died as a direct result of the war and war-related causes in the Second World War was about 70 million
Economic losses amounted to more than $5 trillion.
At least 130 million people were injured, for a total of 190 million casualties
Approximately 5.8 million Jews of European descent were killed by Nazi Germany
World Anti-Fascist War
April 1945: Death of Mussolini, collapse of the Italian Social Republic Death of Hitler, collapse of the Greater German Empire
May 1-10, 1945: Surrender of the German Army
May 7, 1945, 2:41 a.m.: The unconditional surrender of Germany was signed
August 15, 1945: Japan surrenders unconditionally, ending the war. The Fascist camp was completely defeated.
Main figures
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini（1883-1945）：Leader of the National Fascist Party of Italy
In 1915 Mussoliniu broke with the Socialist Party and became a radical nationalist
In 1919, the Black Shirts were founded
In 1921, the Taran Fascist Party was founded
In 1943, the Allies invaded Italy and deprived Mussolini of his rights
Shot dead in April 1945
In 1928, the parliamentary system was forcibly terminated and a fascist dictatorship was established.
In July 1936, he collaborated with Germany in the armed intervention in the Spanish Civil War.
In 1922, became Prime Minister of Italy and became allied with Germany
Francisco Franco (1892-1975): Spanish dictator
Biography
1910-1927 in the army in Morocco
1926, became Chief of Staff of the Army
Franco led the nationalist movement, dominated the Spanish Führer and dominated Spanish politics after his victory in the Spanish War.
Died in 1972
1975 Spain restores the monarchy
Adolf Hitler （1889-1945）
Before the war he had thought of a career as a priest and artist, and at the age of 16 he became interested in politics.
In 1915, Hitler served as a corporal in the German army
After the war, influenced by the political and social chaos in Germany believed that the collapse of the state was due to socialists and Jews
1923 Participation in the Munich Liberation Movement
Came to power as Führer of Germany in 1933
On 1 September 1939, the invasion of Poland kicked off the Second World War in Europe.
Hitler shot himself in the basement of the German Chancellery at 3.30 pm on 30 April 1945.
Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Braunau, Austria (Austria-Hungary)
Totalitarianism and fascism
IGARASHI KANON 12A 3/7 World History