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Psychology of Social Life (PoSL) 1, 7 assumptions associated with social…

- - - - Norwegian study of 250.000 military recruits:
        1st born 103.2 IQ
        2nd born 100.3 IQ
        3rd 99.0 IQ
      - In a two child family, if the oldest child died the second born child's adult IQ moved from 100.3 to 103.
- - - - Indicates that first borns have slightly higher IQs (from parental investment) and they are more competitive to being accepted into high status careers.
    - - Proposes that siblings create different strategies (including career paths) to maximize parental investment. For instance:
        
        First-borns choose (traditional) high status, conservative (scientific) careers (gets all the parents' first time attention).
        
        While later-borns choose (rebellious or different pathway) more creative and risky (more social) careers (gets more first time attention).
- - - - Cannot be inherited - not enough time/generations to evolve a higher level of intelligence.
    - - Improved nutrition:
        
        This generation is taller and heavier than their parents and this has been linked to better nutrition and exercise.
        
        Thus, the current generation may have more neural synapses and thus score higher.
        --> From third world nation - poor nutrition = less synapses and more physical (height/weight) and mental retardation (lower IQ).
  - - - Trend toward smaller families - leads to an increase percentage of first-borns (including single child families) and consequently, a higher IQ:
        
        First born (2 adults = sole parental attention).
        
        Later born - have to share parental attention with other siblings.
      - As an environmental consequence, oldest children have on average higher IQs.
    - - Longer education period (this generation, more graduate year 12).
      - More education material (year 12 content in year 2020 = the same material to the end of second year University [in the 1960s]).
    - - Currently more educational opportunities - more knowledgeable parents who correctly answer children's questions, more parents reading to children, more kindergarten, more Ed TV.
      - More intellectual challenges at school (no role learning):
        
        Curious child, don't provide answer, but supply information, encourage reasoning, provided more examples, expect complex answers.
    - - Many items on IQ test are now part of teaching.
      - This generation is previously exposed to diverse ways of problem solving this puzzle without any instruction.
    - - More movies, TV, video games, computers.
      - More complex audio-visual machines (eg programming, eg interfacing).
      - More complex themes (1960s movies/TV shows only had one theme, 200s shows have complex/multiple themes).