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The restoration and the gradual modernisation of Spain, image, image,…
The restoration and the gradual modernisation of Spain
The reign of Alfonso XII: Stability of the regime
Constitution of 1876
Suffrage
It was not regulated by the constitution and the governments were allowed to choose the system used
Rights and freedoms
Many rights were declared, but it was a slow process.
Parliament
It was formed by an elected Congress and Senate
Religions
Catholicism was the official religion
Sovereignty
It was in the hands of the parliament and king.
Turnismo
The two main parties, the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party, agreed to alternate their terms in power
The conservative Party was a group of moderate politicians
The liberal party were supported by members of the progressive and regionalist middle class
The elections were manipulated in favour of the party that the king had chosen.
The regency of Maria Cristina: Crisis of the political system
The regional probem
In 1890, certain sectors of the Catalan and Basque nationalist movements began to state their proposals.
Catalan nationalism
In 1877, the first newspaper in Catalan began to be published. In 1901, the Regionalist League of Cataluña was founded
Basque nationalism
Basque nationalism. In 1894, Sabino Arana founded the Basque Nationalist Party. Basque nationalism had no Spanish dimension.
The colonial problem
The United States intervened in the conflict between Cuban independence fighters and the Spanish army in 1898
Treaty of Paris
Spain ceded island they conquered to United States
These events became known as the Disaster of 1898 and triggered a national crisis.
The Problem of popular representation
The differences between official Spain and real Spain became more pronunced
Gradual economic modernisation in Spain
Demographic changes and their economic repercussions
High death rates because of wars, famines and epidemics of diseases
Agricultural changes
Inequality in landownership
Caciquismo
They had a large social influence because they controlled employment contracts and municipal jobs.
Financial changes
In 1865, the Banco de España was founded, and many credit associations were established.
Spanish tax system was unfair
The labour movement
The Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party
Founded by Pablo Iglesias in 1879
Helped found the socialist General Union of Workers
In 1873, the Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen’s Association was created
