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SYSTEM UNIT, ADAPTERS, DATA REPRESENTATION - Coggle Diagram
SYSTEM UNIT
Motherboard is main circuit board of computer.
- a comp chip contains integrated circuits
Component
- Buses
- CMOS
- Hard disc slots
- Memory / RAM slots
- PCI card slots
- Ports
- Power connector
- Processor socket
Processor
- called CPU ( central processing unit )
- interprets & carry out basic instructions that operate comp
- a Multi-core processor is single chip with 2 or more separate processor cores
Component
- Control Unit
[ directs & coordinates most of operation in comp ]
- Arithmetic Logic Unit ( ALU )
[ perform arithmetic, comparison & other ]
- Registers
[ hold data & instr temporarily ]
[ eg: address register, storage register, accumulator ]
- System clock
[ control timing of all comp operations ]
[ clock speed : megahertz(MHz) / gigahertz(GHz) ]
A processor repeats set of 4 basic operations :
- Fetch - Decode - Execute - Store
- Control unit fetch calculations's data from memory
- Control unit decode calculation's instr & send to ALU
- ALU performs calculations on data
- Result of cal stored in memory
-
Processor generates heat could cause the chip malfunction / failAdditional cooling
- heat sinks
- liquid cooling technology
ADAPTERS
ADAPTER CARD
- enhances func of a component of desktop / server system unit & provide connections to peripherals 外设
- eg : sound card n graphics card
EXPANSION SLOT
- socket on desktop / server motherboard that can hold an adapter card
With PLUG and PLAY, comp auto can recognize peripheral devices as we install them
Removable Flash memory device
- USB Adapter
- ExpressCard module
BUSES
- allow various device both inside & attached to system unit to communicate with each other
- eg: data bus , address bus
- word size is no of bits the processor can interpret
3 TYPES OF BUSES
- System bus
- Backside bus
- Expansion bus
POWER SUPPLY & BATTERY
- convert the wall outlet AC power to DC power
- mobile comp can run using either a power supply or batteries
- battery typically are rechargeable lithium-ion
EXP of Peripherals :
- modem
- printer
- scanner
- keyboard
TYPES OF ADAPTER CARDBluetooth
- enable bluetooth connectivity
Sound
- connect to speakers / microphone
USB
- connects to high speed USB ports
DATA REPRESENTATION
VOLATILE MEMORY
- loses content when power off
- eg : RAM
NONVOLATILE MEMORY
- doesnt lose content when power off
- eg : ROM , flash memo & CMOS
RAM chips
- DRAM ( Dynamic RAM )
- SRAM ( Static RAM )
-
ROM chips
- memory chips storing permanent data
- eg: Firmware
Flash Memory
- can erase electronically & rewrite
- CMOS provides high speed & consume little power
Analog signals
- continuous & vary in strength n quality
Digital signals
- one of 2 states : on / off
Most comp are digital
Binary system use 2 unique digits (0&1)
- Bits & bytes
- 8 bits tgt as a byte ( single character in comp )
MEMORY
- electronic components that store instr waiting to be executed by processor
3 BASIC CATE OF ITEMS
- The operating system & other programs
- Applications
- Data being processed & resulting info
- memory size : Gigabytes(GB) & Terabytes(TB)