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The Persion Empire (March 6, 2023), Task 3: C. Create a word document with…
The Persion Empire (March 6, 2023)
focus questions
what is an empire
one ruler
different type of empires
land empires
maritime empires
weren't able to call their people "one" as easily
for example, there's different minorities in china, but they call everyone "chinese"
"decolonize"
britain was told to
decolonize
for ex. russia did not decolonize
pre requisites of an empire
colonies
system to gather resources(?)
how to control when there is vast land
armies to keep control
divide the land (but it still being one)?
task 1: what is an empire (reading)
all shapes and sizes
it is more meaningful to measure the empire through wealth and power
1920 CE: British Empire controlled around 14 million square miles
akkadian empire controlled controlled 30 000 square miles in the beginning
developing a definition
the most important part of an empire, is how much power they have other those "under" them
any kind of state can control another state - but the results will vary
control can be loose, or strong
early empires
earliest empire was the akkadian empire
2330 BCE: sargon of akkad took control of southern mesopotamia
the center of his small empire was akkad
so why empire?
task 2: PPT
designation of "persia" comes from the greeks
but people of persis referred to themselves as iranians
persis: pars, modern-day fars)
from the word "aryan"
meaning, noble, or free (has nothing to do with race)
achaemenid empire takes its name from achaemenes - founder of achaemenid dynasty (7th century BCE)
empire: extensive group fo states or countries with one ruler
result of wanting to accumulate power and control
acquire new resources, people and riches
controlled trade
controlled culture
once it assimilates, it holds on its own
but if culture becomes weaker, the empire becomes weaker
wanting to control people as one
controlling lands/territories
the "long lasting" empires convinced people that their empire was the best
that their culture was the most ideal
how do we know about the achaemenid empire
herodutus - greek historian (484-425 BCE) - "
father of history"
xenophon - greek philosopher (430-355 BCE)
both of these people wrote badly about persia (saying that greece were dominant)
great leaders of the achaemenid empire
cyrus the great
first to consolodate most of the land of the empire
was called the "shah" or king, of persia
shah: king of kings
running empire with "governers" (
satraps
)
satraps were like the local government (for example, collecting taxes)
also fighting for the empire
permitted local cultures, laws, religion, etc. to be "maintained"
helped gain loyalty of other people
people didn't rebel as much
greeks
called him the
law-giver
jews called him "the anointed of the Lord"
in 537, cyrus the great allowed over 40 000 hebrew slaves to return to palestine)
cambyses II
son of cyrus
529-522 BCE
conquered egypt
anyone who conquered egypt was considered very powerful
"priviliged"
cats were considered to be a sacred animal -to help the civilization have enough food
the rodents would eat crops and stuff
cats helped protect food - resulting in enough food
egyptian army surrendered during a war - in fear that their important animals (dogs, cats...) would become injured(?)
how did he win the war(?)
watch video from PPT
darius the great
son of hystaspes
satrap
was already a grown man by the time he became ruler
522-485 BCE
known for conquering additional land(?)
introduced coinage
promoted imperial trade and commerce
weights and measures were standardized*
land and sea routes were developed
satraps asia minor completed the subjugation of Thrace, secured the submission of Macedonia, and captured the aegaen islands of lemnos and imbros
darius approached greece to control the black sea's grain trade (through straits)
conquest of greece was a rational step to protect personal rule
from interference by european kinsmen
famous battle of marathon
greeks won the battle - against persians
xerxes
486-465 BCE
vowed to avenge for his father (defeated by the greeks
brought a big persian army to invade greek city-states
on both land and sea
xerxes went back to persia after a year (even though he had a larger army than greeks)
then vowed to never fight greece again
persepolis (marvdasht, iran)
founded by darius I in 518 BC
persepolis was the capital of the achaemenid empire
until the very end
burned by alexander the great in 330 BCE
to the ground (doesn't exist today)
alexander the great left babylon alone
thought that it should stay
a ceremonial and political center of the empire (persian empire)
The Royal Road (ppt slide)
ancient highways were rebuilt and reorganized
knew that there were conflicts through messengers(?)
darius built the road to facilitate rapid communicationon the western part of his large empire from susa to sardis
religion in persion empire
zoroastrianism
god was named ahura mazda
meaning: "wise lord
ahura - lord
mazda - wisdom
named after the sage Zardusht (to the persians), but better known as zoraster, by herodotus
legacy of persian empire:
developed the world's first postal service
innovation of the persian empire
declaration of human rights
irrigation and refrigeration
windmills and air conditioning
"teaching hospital"
elite military units and uniforms
Task 3: C. Create a word document with the following information:
Cambyses II
meaning of the name
years of life:
years of rule: 530-522 BCE
