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06.THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN, image, image,…
06.THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
CONSTITUTION OF 1876
Sovereignty
in the hands of the parliament and the king
Parliament
formed by an elected Congress and Senate
Suffrage
not regulated by the constitution and the governments were allowed to choose the system used
Rights and freedoms
Many rights were declared, but it was a slow process. Freedom of expression, association and assembly were often restricted.
Relijion
Catholitism
Turnismo
the orchestrated exchange of power between the main political parties in late-nineteenth century Spain
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII: STABILITY OF THE REGIME
CONSERVATIVE PARTY (CANOVAS)
LIBERAL PARTY (SAGASTA)
elections were manipulated, favour of the party that the king had chosen to form a government
Republican party, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Basque Nationalist Party and Regionalist League of Cataluña
THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: CRISIS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
problem of popular representation
universal manhood suffrage was introduced in 1890
was still electoral fraud
regional problem
different political movements emerged that were dissatisfied with the uniform centralism of moderate liberalism and that demanded regional identity
nationalist movements
Catalan nationalism
first newspaper in Catalan began to be published
Regionalist League of Cataluña was founded
wanted Cataluña to be recognised as a nation and to play an active role in Spanish politics
Basque nationalism
Sabino Arana founded the Basque Nationalist Party
Basque nationalists wanted Basque national sovereignty.
The colonial problem
Cuba made constant demands for greater political and commercial autonomy
TREATY OF PARIS
Spain ceded Cuba
Disaster of 1898
Spain’s colonial losses were a major blow to Spanish morale
REGENERATIONISM
an intellectual and political movement in the late 19th century and early 20th century Spain
GRADUAL ECONOMIC MODERNISATION IN SPAIN
Spain was a mainly agricultural country
started a economic modernisation
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND THEIR ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS
high death rates because of wars, famines and epidemics
life expectancy was very low, just 35 years
AGRICULTURAL CHANGES
inequality of land ownership
CACIQUISMO
Caciquismo is a distorted form of local government where a political leader has a total dominion of a society of the rural scope expressed like political patronage
FINANCIAL CHANGES
Banco de España was founded
tax system was unfair ---> penalising poorer people
