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Schizophrenia - Coggle Diagram
Schizophrenia
types
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Catatonic schizophrenia
rarest schizophrenia diagnosis, characterised by unusual, limited and sudden movements. You may often switch between being very active or very still. You may not talk much, and you may mimic other’s speech and movement.
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Paranoid schizophrenia
most common type of schizophrenia. It may develop later in life than other forms. Symptoms include hallucinations and/or delusions, but your speech and emotions may not be affected.
Residual schizophrenia
history of psychosis, but only experience the negative symptoms (such as slow movement, poor memory, lack of concentration and poor hygiene).
Simple schizophrenia
somewhat rare. egative symptoms (such as slow movement, poor memory, lack of concentration and poor hygiene) are most prominent early and worsen, while positive symptoms (such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thinking) are rarely experienced.
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neurological
disease's pathogenesis may be influenced by disturbances of a particular subset of inhibitory neurons that contain the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV), which may control the progression of postnatal developmental experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in the cerebral cortex, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
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Endophenotype
alternative approach to investigate phenotypic variation in the identification of the genes involved in schizophrenia
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neuropsychology
even though there are various overlapping symptoms, not everyone with schizophrenia displays identical symptoms as there are distinct subtypes.
study by Orellana and Slachevsky demonstrated neuroimaging with a prefrontal cortex dysfunction and further concluded that patients with schizophrenia scored relatively low on conceptualization, planning, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and the ability to solve complex problems
diagnosis
your symptoms have had a significant impact on your ability to work, study or perform daily tasks
all other possible causes, such as recreational drug use or bipolar disorder, have been ruled out
you've experienced 1 or more of the following symptoms most of the time for a month: delusions, hallucinations, hearing voices, incoherent speech, or negative symptoms, such as a flattening of emotions
symptoms
positive - hallucinations, delusions
negative - affective flattening, avolition, alogia, anergia, and anhedonia
patients exhibit prominent cognitive deficits, such as disturbances in executive functions, working memory, and attention.
treatment
antipsychotic medications provide some symptomatic relief in some but not all patients, but they do not appear to impact the course or the long-term outcome of the illness in any meaningful fashion
lack of truly effective treatment, in no small part, is because after decades of research the pathophysiological basis of schizophrenia remains poorly understood.
explanation
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social
affecting about 0.5 to 1.0 percent of the population worldwide with devastating consequences for affected individuals and their families, is the seventh most costly medical illness to our society
factors
environmental
Changing residence in childhood from rural to urban environment doubles the risk of developing schizophrenia and the more years a child spends in an urban area, the greater the risk becomes
genetic
link between multiple genes and specific DNA and protein alterations involved in the etiology of schizophrenia has not yet been identified fully
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phases of developnent
phase 1 (prodromal)
friends and family might notice strange behavior. You might want to be alone much of the time and may start to talk only about certain topics, such as religion, the government, or a particular public figure.
This phase can last from weeks to years. Some people with schizophrenia never go past this point, but most do.
phase 2 (active stage)
most alarming to friends and family. It causes symptoms of psychosis like delusions, hallucinations, and jumbled speech and thoughts. Sometimes, this phase appears suddenly without a prodromal stage.
lifespan development
children who later develop schizophrenia show delayed language acquisition, intellectual impairment, and poorer academic performance than peers. These premorbid intellectual deficits may worsen before illness onset.
common illnesses
depression, dementia, social anxiety, and OCD