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GEO- MINERAL AND POWER RESOURCES - Coggle Diagram
GEO- MINERAL AND POWER RESOURCES
MINERALS-
A naturally occurring substance
found in the Earth's crust.
More than 5000 types of minerals, but
10% of that make up 90% minerals found in the crust. - Silicates like feldspar and quarts Silicon and oxygen.
common minerals; aluminium, iron, calcium, potassium, sodium and magnesium.
Rarely found in raw states. found in rocks and they combine with elements.
Extraction becomes expensive so
a rock that is economically valuable from mining is called an ore .
Low grade ore, high grade ore.
TYPES-
Metallic minerals-
contain metals in raw form; Iron ore, Copper, Silver .
Usually found in metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks
non- Metallic minerals-
Contain no metallic substances.; Quarts, Limestone, graphite.
found in sedimentary rocks.
MINERAL FUELS-
fossil fuels occur
alongside minerals and rocks
also found along the leyars of sedimentary rocks.
EXTRACTION OF MINERALS-
Extraction of minerals from rocks is called
mining
WAYS OF MINING-
open cast mining-
Simply dug out of the ground
by forming a quarry
Shaft mining-
Deep bores called shafts that go down to reach the mineral ore.
Drilling-
to reach petroleum and natural gas below the earth's surface
off shore and on shore.
CONSERVATION:-
Cannot be replenished immediately;
recycle metals and reduce wastage when mining
DISTRIBUTION
ASIA-
iron ore in India and China
50% of world's tin is made by Asia, china and Indonesia are the leaders
China lead tungsten aluminium and antimony
rich deposits of manganese bauxite, nickle, copper, zinc etc
Middle east have huge oil reserves
EUROPE-
Iron ore in Sweden, Ukraine and Russia
Manganese and nickle in east Europe and Russia
Rhur valley in Germany is rich in coal and is the most densely populated industrial region in the world.
largest producers of petrol here is Norway and UK because of the large petrol reserve in the North Sea.
NORTH AMERICA:-
Appalachian mountains of Canada contain
rich coal deposits
making them one of the
3 major mineral deposits of North America
.
The Canadian Shield region contain
Iron ore, gold, nickle, uranium and copper
Western Cordilleras have deposits of copper lead gold and silver.
Largest bituminous coal reserves are located in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Kentucky.
SOUTH AMERICA:-
Brasil largest producer of Iron
Chile and Peru Largest producers of copper
Large deposits of Gold, Silver, Platinum, Diamond, Mica etc.
Bauxite is found in the North eastern region
Venezuela has the larges petroleum deposit in the world. Argentina Chile Ecuador also have petroleum
AFRICA:-
Diamond gold silver, iron, chromium, uranium, copper
SA, Zaire Zimbabwe produce most of the world's gold
Witwatersrand in Johannesburg is world leader in gold production. 50% of world gold.
AUSTRALIA:-
World leader in production of iron ore manganese zinc
rich in coal diamond nickle copper lead and zinc.
Western Australia is rich in Gold mines
Kalgoorlie
ANTARCTICA-
Existence of mineral deposits s mineral deposits and some are large.
coal in trans Atlantic mountains and iron ore near Prince Charles mountains of East Antarctica
Gold silver and oil in commercial quantities
NO EXTRACTION IN ANTARCTICA only for researchers and scientists living there
MINERALS AND DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA
IRON ORE;_
Facts
Largest reserves in Asia
Haematite and Magnetite
most common ores
WHERE:-
Chhota Nagpur plateau near coal fields.
Odisha Jharkhand Goa Karnataka Assam Maharashtra Rajasthan
BAUXITE:-
FACTS
for aluminium ore
used in aircrafts , automobiles kitchenware etc.
WHERE:-
Odisha is Leader in India
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
MICA:-
FACTS
Largest exporter of MICA
used in electrical and electronic industries.
ripper into thin flexible but strong sheets.
WHERE:-
Jharkhand, Bihar, Andra Pradesh and Rajasthan
COPPER:-
FACTS
Making electrical wires and motors transformers and generators.
Mixed with jewelry to make it stronger and used to make coins
WHERE:-
Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Jharkhand
MANGANESE:-
FACTS
Important raw material for smelting iron ore
manufacturing ferro-alloys
Adds strength to steel
WHERE
Odisha karnataka maharashtra Goa Jharkhand
LIMESTONE-
FAX
Raw material for cement industry
WHERE
Karnataka, Rajasthan, Gujrat, Chhattishgarh, Telengana, Andhra Pradesh etc.
GOLD-
FAX
Jewelry and scientific experiments
WHERE
Hutti, Karnataka, (Deepest in the world); Andhra pradesh, Jharkhand.
SALT:-
FACTS
used as preservative, common salt is used for cooking, obtained from seas and rocks.
WHERE
Tuticorin and Gujrat.
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POWER RESOURCES
NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY:-
renewable
non- polluting dont release CO2 in the atmosphere
It will help planet in the long run as global warming, and rising sea levels.
pg 41 mind map is important
HYDROELECTRIC POWER-
HOW-
It makes water fall at a great height and make it spin the turbine blades to produce electricity. Also called Hydel power
World producers:-
China Canada Brasil USA and Russia
IN INDIA:-
Bhakra Nangal, Nagarjuna Sagar, Damodar Valley projects and Shivasamadhuram
SOLAR ENERGY:-
obtained from sunlight.
photovoltaic cells and solar thermal technology.
sunrays are trapped in photovoltaic cells and then it is converted into electrical energy.
Benefits torrid countries (tropical)
used in solar heaters, geysers etc.
IN INDIA:-
Gujarat, Rajasthan
WIND:-
Kinetic energy of wind is converted into electrical energy using windmills. They were used to crush grain and lift water in the olden times.
located in coastal areas.
World producers:-
Germany Denmark UK USA
IN INDIA:-
Tamil Nadu Gujarat Rajasthan, Karnataka, Maharashtra
NUCLEAR:-
radio active nuclear chemicals like uranium and plutonium undergo nuclear fission to emit energy.
WORLD PRODUCERS:-
USA and France
In India:-
Andhra pradesh and Jharkhand have large deposits of Uranium and Thorium is found along the beaches of Kerala.
Tarapur in Maharashtra, Narora in UP, Kaiga in Karnataka, Rawatbhatta in Rajasthan and Kudankulam in TN
GEOTHERMAL:-
heat obtained from inside the Earth's crust.
Hot water in natural geysers and springs is used to produce geothermal energy.
World producers:-
USA
New zealand, Iceland, Philippians (Puhagan), Central America.
IN INDIA:-
Manikaran in HP and Puga valley in Ladakh
TIDAL ENERGY:-
harnessed by building dams at narrow openings along tidal belts.
During high tide, they make turbines spin and make electicity.
World producers:-
South korea, Russia, France.
In India
Gulf of Kachchh
CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF POWER:-
exhaustible
Fossil fuels or mineral fuels
FIREWOOD:-
More than
50% of energy
produced by villagers are produced by fire wood
COAL:-
generation of
thermal power.
domestic fuel in iron and steel industry and steam engines.
remains of giant ferns and swamp buried millions of years ago and takes millions of years to form.
WORLD PRODUCERS
CHINA
USA, Germany, Russia, Indonesia, South Africa.
IN INDIA:-
Jharkhand west Bengal odisha
Lignite:- Tamil nadu, puduchery, Kashmir and Gujrat
PETROLEUM:-
found in between
Sedimentary
rocks.
essential source of internal combustion engines.
by products like petroleum jelly, lubricants and wax are produced.
also called black gold because
very valuable.
WORLD PRODUCERS:-
USA
Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iran, Iraq,
Venezuela(largest oil reserves.)
IN INDIA;-
Bombay high(Mumbai), Didboi(Assam), Deltas of Krishna and Godavari
NATURAL GAS: -
released when petroleum is drilled from the land.
Industrial and economical fuel.
CNG, an Eco friendly fuel, is made from natural gas.
WORLD PRODUCERS:-
UK, Russia, Netherlands and Norway.
IN INDIA:-
Krishna Godaveri Delta, Tripura, Rajasthan, Kandela Gujarat Off shore ; Mumbai Maharashtra
SAVE ENERGY:-
Do not waste energy that is already harnessed.
conserve untapped energy resources.