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TYPES OF LONG TERM MEMORY; EPISODIC, SEMANTIC, PROCEDURAL - Coggle Diagram
TYPES OF LONG TERM MEMORY; EPISODIC, SEMANTIC, PROCEDURAL
Episodic
- Memories such as thoughts/experiences we have had + our personal recollection of them
- Usually based on events that occur in peoples lives
- However, overtime they move over to semantic memory as the event association diminishes + the memory becomes knowledge based
- The strength of episodic memories is determined by the emotions present at the time the memory is being coded
- Traumatic life events may be recalled better due to the strong emotional attachment they have
- It is believed that episodic memory helps us distinguish between our imagination + real events
- Pre-frontal cortex of brain is linked to the initial coding of episodic memories + consolidation and storage associated with the neocortex
Semantic
- Contains the knowledge, facts, concepts + meanings the individual has learnt
- E.g. the capital of France = Paris
- Relates to how certain objects work/their functions, appropriate behaviours in situations or abstract concepts e.g. language/maths
- The strength of semantic memory is positively correlated with the strength of processing that occurs when coding with semantic memories lasting longer than episodic memories
- Semantic LTM = linked to episodic LTM with semantic memories formed based on experiences that occur
- Episodic memory therefore underpins semantic memory with episodic based experiences moving over to semantic memory overtime
- Semantic coding = mainly associated with the frontal/temporal lobes
- LTM = mixed opinions e.g. some argue the hippocampus is involved, whilst others believe several parts of the brain play a role
Procedural
- Skilled based memory
- Focused on recalling how to do something e.g. swimming, reading, cycling
- Does not require conscious thought
- Usually learnt through repetition/practice
- Language is believed to be a procedural memory as it helps individuals speak using the correct grammar + syntax without having to consciously give this thought
- Procedural LTM = linked to the neocortex brain areas within the primary motor cortex , cerebellum + prefrontal cortex
- This is different to a declarative memory stores as it does not rely on the hippocampus to function
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