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Socialism Divisions - Coggle Diagram
Socialism Divisions
Third Way
- Mainstream liberalism in 2023
- Giddens
- Pro capitalism
- Pro democracy
- Global politics
- Top down economy
- Socially progressive, economic liberal.
Giddens
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Too complex to have an all-encompassing political ideology, so look for small and local incremental changes.
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Quotes
Help citizens pilot their way through the major revolutions of or time.
No single agent... can carry the hopes of humanity.
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Case for fundamentalist socialism had mainly disappeared.
Globalisation of capitalism was thought to have rendered much of the Keynesian economics redundant.
Failure of nationalised industries and the thriving privatisation ventures made support for a mixed economy outdated.
Aimed to reconcile the task of socialist parties seeking office with an electorate that was increasingly propertied, suburban and individualistic.
Neo Marxism
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Like Gramsci, Marcuse and others embraced the idea of cultural hegemony.
Argued capitalism's values do not simply infect the economy but also the arts, the media, and education.
Unlike Gramsci who believed in a counter vanguard infiltrating society, the Frankfurt School believed in Marx's vindication of revolution.
However, this was unlikely to happen, but needed to overthrow false consciousness.
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Democratic Socialism
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Late
Clement Atlee’s government following 1945 general election duly implemented a series of measures that had been carefully discussed beforehand
Introduction of welfare state and the nationalisation of private services to promote progress towards a fairer post-capitalist society.
Benn believed in fundamentalist socialism, proving the impossibility of achieving socialism in a capitalist society, following the ‘failure’ of Wilson- Callaghan governments.
Drastic public spending cuts in 1976 made by Labour government under pressure from the IMF underlined danger of socialist governments reducing capitalism.
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- Sceptical of capitalism (revise)
- Democracy will lead to Socialists approaches through enfranchisement
- Nationalise industries.
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Eurocommunism
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Communist parties in the 1970s in Western Europe distanced themselves from the Soviet Union, establishing themselves radical yet respectable.
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They insteasd contested elections, occupying positions of executive power within the distinguished constituional system.
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Classical Marxism
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Historicism
Marx and Engels argued that history was a series of stages, moving towards an inevitable destination
In each stage, there is an intellectual clash, Hegel described as dialectic- official narrative propounded by the ruling class no longer corresponds with the perceptions of the majority.
Led to alienation, which would ultimately form a new society, until the next wave of alienation.
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