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Critical and theoretical approaches in literature and cultural studies -…
Critical and theoretical approaches in literature and cultural studies
1Traditional literary criticism: canon of major writers in literary periods, aims and purposes of literature, clarifying historical context and allusions in the texts.
Formalism
Formalism: text centered, what makes literature literary. An interpretive approach that emphasizes literary form and the study of literary devices within the text. General impact on later structuralism. Narrative have meaning, form is the content.
Study of literatury on a scientific basis, objective analysis of
Motives
devices
techniques
3 distinct linguistic levels
Sound structure
alliteration
the use of the same sounds, especially consonants at the beginning of several words that are close together
Assonance
similarity in sound between two syllables that are close together, same vowels but different consonants or vice versa
Rhyme
same last sound
metre
regular arrangement of syllables acording to the number and type of beats in a line.
choice of words
Metaphor
archaism
vocabulary
combination of words
Roman Jakobson
Viktor Shklovsky
and new criticism
The product of American univeristy in the 1930s-40s
Literature as an aesthetic object independent of historical context
careful scrutiny of the text and formal structures
paradox
ambiguity
irony
metaphor
3.Psychological approach
psychoanalysis
Freud
understanding of mental and emotinal processes as these relate to lg and literature
Lg: symbolic system through which we categorize and differentiate the worlds areound and within us
Literature is an object of psychological study and a kind of therapeutic practice
Culture
Human beings struggle to control and redirect their animal drives and desires
3 ways of meanings embedded and hidden more or less unconiously
Condensation
Displacement
symbolism
5.Structuralism and post-structuralism
Structuralism: extension of formalism
study of literature on a scientific objective basis
Ferdinand de Saussure: (Ferdinánd di szosziö) sign= signifier and signified
Post-structuralism
Deconsturction
Jacques Derrida: (zsák déridá) no fix meaning is possible. The meaning is unstable
binaries in the text- opposites. Good-bad, man-woman etc.
Semiotic theory
Gender theory
6.New historicism and cultural materialism
Seek to understand literary texts historically
reject formalizing intention of previous literary studies
New criticism
structuralism
deconsturction (post structuralism)
these privilege the literary text and place secondary emphasis on historical and social context
4.Marxism and critical theory
Focuses on the representation of class conflict and class distinction
7.Ethnic studies and postcolonial criticism
8.Gender studies and queer theory
9.Cultural studies