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Exam 2 Review - Coggle Diagram
Exam 2 Review
Ch 5
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succession types
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Secondary succession: area cleared by fire, human activity, or flooding + the left alone, later reinvaded by plants + animals from other ecosystems
Aquatic succession: soil particles eroded from land/plant detritus build up in ponds/lakes, eventually filling them
biomes
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Desert: dry, hot, less rainfall
Grasslands: seasonal rainfall, frequent fires, rich soils
Chaparral: seasonal, mild wet winters, hot dry summers
Tropical rain forests: nonseasonal, frequent rainfall, thin soil
Deciduous rain forest: hot, wet + dry seaosnss, heavy rainfall, transition area between rainforest + savanna
Temperate forest: below freezing winters, warm summers, heavy rainfall
Coniferous forests: long + cold winters, light precipitation in the winter, heavier in summer
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Tipping point: situation in human-impacted ecosystem where small action catalyzes major change in system state
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ch 8/9
Demography: the field of collecting, compiling, and presenting info abt human populations
Neolithic revolution: development of agriculture by humans that led to more permanent settlement + population increase
humans begin growing plants, breeding animals, and building settlements
Industrial revolution: development of manufacturing processes using fossil fuels based on scientific knowledge
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Green revolution: developed useful chemical pesticides, fertilizers, large scale irrigation systems, + crop reading to increase agriculture efficiency
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Environmental revolution: changes in the adaptation of humans to create a more sustainable environment
More efficient tech, better urban + regional planning
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Epidemiologic transition: discovery of modern medicine, death rates have increased dramatically
Fertility transition: reproduction decrease in low-income countries
ch 6
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pollutants
Chemical
industrial chemicals, nutrients/fertilizers
Biological
invasive species, parasites
Physical
plastics, light, thermal, soil erosion
invasives
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They invade from:
accidental, deliberate, gradual
Problems w invasives
pests, competition, not native = no predators
ch 7
Consumptive: don’t make profit, for yourself
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Private ownership: You own the land, and if you own mineral access, you restric access
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State ownership: State owns the land + regulates its use + sometimes you have to pay to access the land
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Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY): highest possible rate of use system can be matched w own rate or replacement
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If we don’t know exact #s, we should back away from ½ carrying capacity
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