Economic and Financial Flows
Tax and Exchange Rates 
The basics of international financial reporting
International Financial Institutions
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank Group
Economic and financial flows
balance of payments
global imbalances
foreign direct investments
portfolio investments
Multinationals
public sector spending
private sector spending
Countries with surpluses in their current account
Countries with deficits in their current account
Main distinctive peculiarities
Choose where to keep their cash
Choose the currency in which to store that cash.
Choose where their expenses are recorded through mechanisms.
International tax rates
Taxes and contributions
profit or corporate income tax
social contributions and labour taxes
property taxes
property transfer taxes
dividend tax
capital gains tax
financial transactions tax
waste collection taxes
vehicle and road taxes,
Taxes paid where a business has physical representation.
Tax rates and multinational corporations
cross-border tax rules
geography boundaries
national boundaries
Large multinational enterprises
Country-by-country reports
Master file
Local files
revenues
profits
taxes
assets
employee numbers and costs
capital
accumulated earnings
intercompany payments
global organisational structure
Local entities and affiliates
local management team
business strategy
restructurings or IP transfers
description of business
Intellectual Property (IP) development
financial and tax positions
intercompany financial arrangements
Exchange rate issues
fluctuating exchange rates
value of companies’ assets and liabilities
operating profit
making their goods relatively less expensive
pushing up the cost of inflation
International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation (IFRS)
Stewardship
Managing the national economy
Information for investors
Borrowed finery
Imperialism
Taxation
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
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Negitives
Increased concentration of power among few actors or tax avoidance.
Positives
ree services (e.g. information search or travel indications).
innovative products (e.g. smart phones)