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Sarcoidosis - Coggle Diagram
Sarcoidosis
Pathophysiology
Multisystem disorder
Involved tissues have accumulations of
Mononuclear phagocytes
Noncaseating granulomas
T lymphocytes
Antigen triggers
Cell mediated immune response
Inflammation called granulomas
Unknown antigen such as
Chemicals
Dust
Viruses
Bacteria
Risk factors
Can occur at any age
Most common in 20-60 year olds
Women more likely
Genetics
African-American
Clinical manifestations
Weight loss
Pain and swelling in joints
Swollen lymph nodes
Fatigue
Night sweats
Multi-system alterations
Heart
Rare
Granulomas disrupt heart function
Clinical manifestations
Chest pain
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Arrhythmias
Palpitations
Joints
Presents as inflammatory arthritis
Soft-tissue swelling
Osteopenia
Tenosynovitis
Liver
Symptoms are rare
Causes hepatitis in <10% of patients
Abnormal LFTs
Neuro
Infiltrative nerve lesions
Affect on central and/or peripheral nervous systems
Clinical manifestations
Dysphagia
Hoarseness
Facial numbness
Seizures
Hearing impairment
Skin
Symptoms due to inflammation
Clinical manifestations
Reddish-purple bumps on shins or ankles
Disfiguring sores on nose, cheeks, ears
Dark discoloration
Nodule growth under the skin
Very common alteration
Eyes
Affects >20% of patients
Can be causing damaging without symptoms
Routine eye exams needed
Clinical manifestations
Blurred vision
Redness
Dryness
Burning sensation
Lungs
Affected in 90% of patients
Abnormal pulmonary function studies
Airflow obstruction and restriction due to inflammation
Clinical manifestations
Dry cough
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Diagnosis
Clinical symptom anlaysis
Histological evidence of granulomatous inflammation
Pulmonary function tests
Chest X-ray
Blood tests
CBC
Lymphopenia
Eosinophilia
Elevated ESR
Treatment
Systemic therapy
Corticosteroids
Prednisone
Antimetabolites
Methotrexate
Azathioprine
Mycophenolate
Symptom management