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CONCRETE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Flat & Elongated Test
    - - Fractured faces
        
        no fractured faces
        
        one fractured faces
        
        more than one fractured faces
  - - - strength & stability of asphalt
    - - workability of concrete
- - - - placing issues
        
        drop heght <3ft
        
        horizontal movement to avoid segregation
    - - untill uniform appearance
      - usually batch mixer (one at a time), but sometimes continuous (conveyors automatically feed components into mixer)
      - usually start with 10% of the water in the mixer, then solids with 80% of the water, then remaining water
    - - manually
        
        ramming
        
        tamping
      - mechanically (vibrator)
        
        internal (poker)
        
        external (for precast concrete)
    - - measuring correct proportions of components and placing in the mixer
      - By weight is more accurate because no air void
    - - For smoothing and imprinting the surface of the concrete with the desire texture
      - must be completed before final set
      - many types of colors and textures available these day
    - - to maintain moisture and temperature in the concrete
      - the curing process will affects
        durability
        strength
        water-tightness
        abrasion resistance
        volumetric stability
        resistance to freezing and thawing
        resistance to deicing chemicals
    - - Economical
      - practicle
      - satisfy requirement and specs
      - use available materials
    - - sampling and testing
        
        slump
        
        air content
        
        prepare samples for later
        
        cylinder
        
        beams
  - - - Creep
      - Permeability
      - Early volume change
      - Stress-Strain relationship
    - - split tension test
      - flexural strength
      - compesive strength
      - non-destructive test (rebound hammer)
      - penetration resistnce (windsor probe)
      - ultrasonic pulse velocity
      - maturity test
      - x-rays,wave refraction,nuclear refraction,
        sonar,radar
- - - - Compressive
      - Tensile
      - Flexural
      - Affected by aggregate
      - Type and Grading Aggregate
- - - - Fly Ash
      - Silica Fume
      - Rice Husk Ash
      - Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
    - - Accelerating Admixture
        
        Increase the rate of the hydration of hydraulic cement
        
        Reduce the setting time
        
        Increase the rate of the strength development
      - Retarding Admixture
        
        A substance that delays the setting time of cement paste
      - Air entraining admixture
        
        A substance that caused air to entrap in cement
      - Super plasticizing admixture
        
        A substance that has very high workability with a large decrease in water cement
      - Water-reducing admixture
        
        A substance which increase the workability of newly mixed concrete