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Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Genetics
Genes
A gene is a segment of DNA that carries the genetic information for a specific trait or characteristic.
Location
Genome
The genome is the complete set of genetic information present in an organism, including all its genes and other DNA sequences.
Chromosomes
A chromosome is a structure made up of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
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Inheritance
Ancestry
Ancestry is a person's ethnic, racial, or genealogical origin. It refers to a person's line of ancestors and ancestors, as well as their geographic origins.
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Heredity
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Pure Breed
A purebred animal is one that has a set of specific and consistent genetic characteristics that are transmitted hereditarily.
Mutations
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or be induced by external factors, and can result in alterations to the protein encoded by a gene, leading to changes in the phenotype.
Syndromes
Syndromes are sets of symptoms and signs that occur together and may be associated with a specific disease or disorder.
Process of Inheritance
Mitosis
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Diploid
Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, representing two copies of each chromosome in the genome, one inherited from each parent.
Polyploid
Polyploid cells have more than two sets of chromosomes, often resulting from errors in cell division.
Meiosis
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Sex Cells
Sex cells are the gametes, or reproductive cells, that are involved in sexual reproduction.
Segregation
Segregation is the separation of alleles during the formation of gametes (reproductive cells), which occurs during meiosis.
Zygote
A zygote is the single cell that is formed when two gametes fuse during fertilization, containing the full complement of genetic information from both parents.
Haploid Cells
Haploid cells have a single set of chromosomes, representing one copy of each chromosome in the genome.
Genetic Graphs
Punett Grid
A Punnett square is a tool used in genetics to predict the probability that an offspring will have certain characteristics based on the alleles of the parents.
Pedigree Charts
Family tree diagrams or pedigree charts are graphic representations of family relationships, which are used to study the transmission of hereditary traits from one generation to another.
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian genetics is the study of patterns of inheritance of traits that follow simple rules, as described by Gregor Mendel.
Genotype
The genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual, including all the alleles present at a particular locus or across the entire genome.
Phenotype
The phenotype is the observable traits or characteristics of an individual, determined by the interaction between the genotype and the environment.
Alleles
An allele is a variant form of a gene that arises by mutation and is located at a specific position or locus on a chromosome.
Dominance
Dominance is a property of alleles where one allele (the dominant allele) masks the expression of the other allele (the recessive allele).
Dominant
A dominant allele is an allele that is expressed in the phenotype when present in either the heterozygous or homozygous state.
Codominance
Codominance is a property of alleles where both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote.
Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete dominance is a property of alleles where the heterozygote shows an intermediate phenotype that is distinct from the homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive phenotypes.
Recessive
A recessive allele is an allele that is only expressed in the phenotype when present in the homozygous state.
Non-Mendelian Genetics
Non-Mendelian inheritance refers to patterns of inheritance that do not follow the simple rules of Mendelian genetics, such as incomplete dominance and codominance.
Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of how changes in gene expression and phenotype (the set of observable characteristics of an organism) can be heritable without changes in the DNA sequence.