Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 2: 2.1 Construct Physical layer protocols and nwetwork media. -…
Chapter 2:
2.1 Construct Physical layer protocols and nwetwork media.
Connectivity Device / Intermediary Device :<3:
connect the individual end devices to
the network. :check:
connect multiple individual networks
to form an internetwork. :check:
provide connectivity and ensure that data flows across the
network. :check:
Intermediary Network devices perform
:<3: Permit or deny th eflowof the data
:<3:Classify and direct messages
:<3:Direct data along alternate pathways whenthere is failure link
:<3: Notify other divices of errors and communication errors
:<3: Maintain information about pathways exist through the network and internetwork.
:<3: Regenerate and transmit communication signal
:star:Connectivity Device / Intermediary Device
a. Repeater
interpret the data they retransmit & data stream & Repeater allows you to extend a network inexpensively.
c. Bridges
connect two network segments by analysing incoming frames and making
decisions about where to direct them based on each frame’s MAC address.
d. Switches
connectivity devices that subdivide a network into smaller logical pieces, or segments.
f. Wireless Access Point (AP)
allows a Wi-Fi compliant
g. Modem
Convert either digital signal to analog signal(modulation) and analog signal to digital signal (demodulation).
h. Network Interface Card (NIC)
o On-board NIC
o Wireless NIC
component, typically a circuit board or chip, which is hardware installed on a computer.
b. Hub
repeater with more than one output port.
e. Router
multiport connectivity device that directs data between nodes on a network.
Open standards encourage :checkered_flag:
Encourage interoperability,competitionand innovation. :check:
Organizations are usually vendor-neutral, non-profit organizations established to develop and promote the concept of open standard. :check:
Internet Standards :star:
Internet Society (ISOC)
–promotes open development and evolution of Internet use globally.
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
-management and development of Internet Standards.
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
-develops updates, and maintains Internet and TCP/IP technologies.
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
-focused on long-term research related to Internet and TCP/IP protocols.
Internet Corporotion for assignted Names andd Numbers(ICANN)
-Coordnates IP address allocation and management of domain names.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA)
-manages IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers for ICANN.
Elecetronics and Comuunications Standard Organizations.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - dedicated to advancing technological innovation and creating standards in a wide area of industries including networking.
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) -standards for radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, and satellite communications.
Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) - standards related to electrical wiring, connectors, and network racks.
International Telecommunications Union- Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) -standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and broadband communications
Characteristics of Copper Cabling
Copper Media
:check:conducts electrical signals very well but it has its
limitation
:check: data travels on copper cables as small pulses of
electrical voltage
:check:cable type with shielding or twisting of the pairs of
wires are designed to minimize signal degradation
UTP
:check:used in Ethernet LANs
:check:eight wires twisted into four color-coded pairs and then
wound inside a cable jacket
:check: colored pairs identify the wires for proper connection at
the terminals.
Properties of UTP Cabling
UTP Cabling Standards
UTP Connectors
Types of UTP Cable
Testing UTP Cables
UTP Testing Parameters:
Wire map
Cable length
Signal loss due to attenuation
Crosstalk
Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Copper Media Safety
The separation of data and electrical power cabling must comply with safety codes.
Cables must be connected correctly.
Installations must be inspected for damage.
Equipment must be grounded correctly.
Properties of Fiber Optic Cabling
Fiber Media Cable Design
Types of Fiber Media
small core
Less dispersion
Suited for long distance applications
Uses leasers as the light source
Commonly used with campus backbones for distances of several thousand meters.
Larger core than single mode cable
allowsgreater dipersion and therefore, loss of signal
Uses LEDs as the light source
Network Fiber Connectors
Fiber Optic Connectors
Common Fiber Patch Cords
Testing Fiber Cables
Fiber versus Copper
