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culture - Coggle Diagram
culture
culture
culture = the whole system of behaviour and beliefs of a society - can include language, food, faith, music ...
culture varies across the world :
Mead (1928) study on Samoa and New Guinnea tribes
- in Samoa, young girls experimented with homo and heterosexual relationships
- in New Guinea, both men and women were gentle and cooperative
= shows the social construction of sexuality and gender norms
global culture = cultural products are enjoyed all over there world, becoming 'universal' (McDonald's, cocacola)
- globalisation, cultures are no longer as distinct from eachother,
- globalisation, cultures are no longer as distinct from eachother, becoming a smaller 'global village' (McLuhan , 1964)
- Giddens (cosmopolitanism) concept
cultural hybridity = the merging of two or more cultures - typically in relation to second / third generation immigrants missing aspects of parents culture with aspect of British culture
- example = Brasians and henna tattoos
norms and values
norm = the expected way of behaving, in line with cultural values of the society
in Britain it is the norm to shake hand when you meet someone, in Asian cultures it is the norm to bow
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types of culture
high culture = cultural products that have high status and are enjoyed by the elite (opera, polo, ballet, caviar).
high culture is exclusive = not meant to be enjoyed by ordinary people, gatekeeping. Operas are in Italian or German
- Pierre Bourdieu (1984) cultural capital = knowledge of the high classes, acquired through experience and education
popular culture = cultural products that have lower status and are enjoyed by everyone (pop music, football, pizza)
popular culture is inclusive = can be enjoyed by ordinary people, no entry barriers
consumer culture = cultural products that can be bought and are promoted through advertising (fast fashion brands, fast food chains)
consumer culture can be expensive, making it exclusive
- Baudrillard (1970) 'you are what you buy' , you acquire your identity and boost status from your purchases
subcultures
smaller subgroup within a society that share norms and values, that typically differ from the mainstream ones of their society
examples = emo, skinhead, chavs, punks
anti-school subculture : Paul Willis found a group of w/c male students who rejected school values due to realising they won't succeed in education