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Mesoamerican Civilizations - Coggle Diagram
Mesoamerican Civilizations
Classical: 200 CE- 900 CE
Mixtecs
Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Chiapas
Yagul, Tultepec, Mitla, Lambiteyeco, Tilantongo.
Absolutism and theocratical
Polytheistics. Cohuy, Tonatiuh, Mictlantecuhtli.
Royalty, nobles, commoners, serfs and slaves.
Agriculture, artesanal works, priests, craftworkers.
Irrigation systems and ceremonial centers.
They use Polychrome Ceramic. Mitla, Monte Albán and Atzompa; were the most important architectural buildings by the Mixtecs.
Hieroglyphics and pictographic writing.
Only few people were professionals in writing.
Teotihuacan
State of Mexico
Teotihuacan
Theocratic, they made alliances, religious leaders, they had a strong army
Polytheistic, its religion was inspired bu other civilizations, tlaloc and quetzalcoatl were their main gods, they had 11 major gods.
laborers, priests and religious workers.
Traders, teachers, farmers, priests
Temple of Quetzalcoatl, urban structures, the sun and the moon pyramids
They had their own cement that was made of mix of mud and volcanic stone, they use lime, their art was minimalist and they had their own style
They had a calendar of 260 days, they had numbers, they were similar to the mayas and they used the snake in different situations.
The largest population was 125,000
Pre Classical: 2500 BCE- 200 CE
Olmecs
Cities: La Venta, San Lorenzo and Tres Zapotes
Theocratic government, Tu was their king
Polytheistic religion. Their gods were related to agriculture, animals, elements and volcanoes. Jaguar was their most important god.
The emperor, the nobles, the commoners and slaves.
Priest, rulers, slaves, farmers, peasants and slaves.
Public works: Canals, dikes, plazas, ceremonial centers and administrative centers.
The colossal heads were sculptures of the rulers. They used stone to make sculptures. They developed monumental traditional tombs and created the first pyramid in Mesoamerica.
They invented a numerical system, calendar and used animals and symbols to write. They first use the number 0
They are callaed the mother culture as they were the first civilization to became sedentary.
Pre Classical and Classical
Zapotecs
Oaxaca
Cities: Ciudad de Ixtepec, Monte Albán, Tehuantepec, Mitlá,
Government :Theocratic.
Polytheists. They had good and bad goods. Cocijo, Xanax and Xipe Toltec.
Priests, nobles, comerciants, artisans, slaves, peasants, warriors, priests.
ceremonial centers and irrigation systems.
Mud walls, pottery, palm fibre weaving.
System of writing: hieroglyphics. complete system of writing, pictographic.
The language is nowadays used.
Post-classical: 900 CE- 1521CE
Tarascans
Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Querétaro and Mexico City.
Cities: Pátzcuaro, Tzintzuntzan, Ihuatzio
Theocratic Military Monarchy
Polytheistic religion. Main gods Cucaveri, Cuerauáperi and Xaratanga.
Cazonci or Irecha=king , nobles, commoners, slaves
Warriors, priests, merchants, artisans, farmers, carpenters
Public works: Yacatas, Ceremonial centers
Pottery, jewelry, bronze, copper-bells, woodcarving, goldsmith.
Tarascans and purépechas are the same.
Purepecha alphabet, they were the first to develop an alphabet.
They were enemies of the mexicas.
Mexicas
Mexico City
Texcoco, tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Tlacopan
Tlatoani was the supreme leader and the cihuacoatl was the supreme judge and administrator.
Polytheistic, 15 main gods of 200 gods.
Nobles=pipiltin
Commoners=macehualtin
Slaves=tlacotin
trade, agriculture, fishing and crafts, expert warriors.
Irrigation systems, aqueducts.
Gold, stone, silver, copper, statues, Aztec masks, painted walls. Templo mayor and aztec doble pyramid.
Aztec calendar, glyphs, pictograph, images.
They were the most powerful empire until the spanish
Classic and Post classic
Toltecs
Hidalgo
Tula, Teotihuacán, Cholula
Military Theocracy. They had to conquer more towns to get more tributes.
Polytheists. Quetzalcoatl, Tlaloc, Centeotl, Tezcatlipoca, Itzlacoliuhque.
Upper class and inferior type. Tlatoque=Tlatoai.
Agriculture, trade and crafts.
Impressive temples and buildings.
Metalworking, weaving and ceramics.
Pictographic writing
Enemies of the mexicas. Toltecs means maestro constructor.
Pre Classical, Classical and Post Classical
Mayas
Their temples had specific meanings.
hieroglyphics, logogram, fully-fledged, logosyllabic.
Pyramids, temples, palaces, ceramic, woo d, stone, sculptures, house ornaments, had to do with religion astrology.
ceremonial centers, chichenitza, irrigation systems.
priest, professionals, merchants, farmers, artist, servants,
nobles, commoners, serfs and slaves
polytheistic , kukulcan, hunab ku.
Ruled by kings and priests, theocratic, sacrifices
yucatan, quintana roo, campeche y chiapas