Fundamentals of Environmental Science

M.A. Farukh Sir

Chapter --2

Chapter --3

Chapter --1

Why waste is symptom of inefficiency?


It is a symptom of inefficiency because it indicates that resources are being used in a way that is not optimal, resulting in a loss of productivity and profitability.


--> Waste increases costs


--> Waste reduces productivity


--> Waste affects quality


--> Waste hampers innovation


--> Waste is unsustainable

State three examples of efficient waste management practices?


1) Source separation of waste at Uttara Model Town (sector 5) :


2) Composting in rural areas of BD :

  • Nilphamari (Domar) + Rajshahi (Bagha)

3) Pilot 3R project in Kushtia :
sponsored by DoE


4) Composting of waste in Slums


Why reduction is better than disposal?


Source reduction, or preventing waste in the first place, is a better option than disposal.


1) Personal/consumer behavior:

  - use fewer items
  - reuse items
  - buy less-packaged and longer-lived goods

2) Manufacturer behaviour 

  - make goods with less packaging 
  - make longer-lived goods
  - adopt more efficient production methods

Define hazardous waste & bio-magnification?

State features and types of environmental ethics?



Features are-


i) Environmental ethics is extended


ii) Environmental ethics is interdisciplinary


iii) Environmental ethics is plural


iv) Environmental ethics is global


v) Environmental ethics is revolutionary



3 types of ethics -


a) the development ethic-
based on actions. development in any sector is inevitable. but it shouldn’t appear at the cost of environmental failure.


c) the preservation ethic
considers nature special in itself. The religious outlook says nature is beautiful place to live in and it should be maintained for feeding, breeding, enjoyment and peace. On the other hand, scientific outlook says human species depends on and has much to learn from nature.


b) the conservation ethic
recognizes the desirability of decent living standards, but it works towards a balance of resource use and resource availability.

Chapter - 4

What are the basic features of ECA 1995?


  • first to address the environment in a comprehensive way
  • establishment of the Department of Environment (DoE)
  • power to make rules
  • legal action
  • Environment Clearance Certificate
  • providing substantive and procedural provisions
  • good faith clause
  • declaration of ecologically critical area

List six PIL's related to environmental issues in Bangladesh?

MD. ABDUL BATEN

A

List major environment and resource problems?
IMG_20230315_211751

Describe how environmental problems and their root causes connected?

List the components of solar & natural capital? 🙄

B

C

Elaborate the concept of environment & environmental science?


Environment - The sum total of air, water and land, their interrelationship among themselves and with the human beings and other living beings (with whom we share the planet) and property. (EPA, 1986)



Environmental Science -

  • study of organisms in relation to their surroundings

Environmental science is based on a number of disciplinary traditions, including physics, chemistry, biology, geography, geology, soil science, hydrology, various engineering fields.

How would you evaluate the environmental problems of your city considering "environmental science" is a multidisciplinary approach and mission oriented?


Environmental science draws upon various disciplines to address the environmental challenges facing the planet.


  • For instance, it utilizes biology to study the impact of environmental pollution on living organisms, such as the effects of toxins on the growth and development of plants and animals


  • Chemistry -- to study the chemical properties of the environment, including the composition of the air, water, and soil.


  • Physics -- to understand the physical processes occurring in the environment. For instance, the study of atmospheric circulation, the movement of ocean currents, and the distribution of solar radiation involves knowledge from physics


  • Geology -- understanding the geological processes that shape the Earth's surface, such as erosion and tectonic plate movements


  • Ecology -- study of the interactions between organisms and their environment



In summary, environmental science is a multidisciplinary approach that combines knowledge from various scientific fields to study and solve environmental problems

Define urbanization? Urbanization is a threat for nature, natural resources and men's environment, explain?


Urbanization -- An increasing concentration of population in cities and transformation of land use to an urban pattern of organisation.

List the wetlands of Bangladesh?

Why are wetlands decreasing day by day in Bangladesh?


  • overexploitation
  • pollution
  • Agricultural expansion
  • Urbanisation
  • Population growth
  • industrialization
  • climate change

Classify wetlands?


Two types --
1) Saltwater wetlands

  • marine
  • estuarine
  • lagoonal


2) Freshwater wetlands

  • riverine
  • lacustrine
  • palustrine
  • manmade

Decreasing wetlands is a serious threat for aquatic biodiversity - explain?


  • loss of habitat
  • alteration of water cycle
  • increased pollution
  • loss of food sources

Arial Khan
Chalanbeel
Erali
Kuri
Meda
Bhatia

Kaptai
Boga

Hakaluki
Tanguar
Dubriar
Dekhar
Hail
Kawadighi
Ata danga

S. East
S. West
S. South
Chakaria S.

Naf estuary
Saint Martin's Island & reef

Define rural and urban environment with its benefits and stresses?

Rural environment -- circumstances or conditions that surround / encompass rural area influencing people living there is called Rural environment.


Benefits --

  • fresh (air, fruits, vegetables, milk, meat)
  • open (green field, area)
  • No (noise pollution, air pollution)
  • good relations with neighbours
  • rearing cattles and poultry

-- Stresses

  • poor (sanitation, healthcare, housing condition, educational facility, transport facility, postal services, recreational facilities)
  • low employment
  • No (access to information - telephone, internet, books etc ; shopping centre)

Urban Environment -- An urban environment is a human-made or heavily modified physical setting that includes densely populated areas, buildings, transportation systems, and infrastructure. It is typically characterized by high levels of human activity, diversity of land uses, and a concentration of economic, cultural, and social activities.

What are the environmental problems? Describe their mode of environmental deterioration?


Environmental problem -- the known process (such as resource consumption) that has negative effects on the sustainability of the environmental quality necessary for the well being of the human/organisms living in it.

List the components of ecosystem?

F

Show a simple food chain and food web?

Describe different types of ecological Pyramids?

Define food chain, tropic levels & food web?


Food chain -- a model, a simple way of showing how energy, in the form of food, passes from one organism to another


Tropic levels --Ecologists study how energy moves through an ecosystem by assigning organisms in that ecosystem to a specific level is called a tropic level.


Food Web -- a series of overlapping food chains that exist in an ecosystem.

List the national and international environmental problems? Suggest how we would be able to overcome those problems?

Describe importance of environmental science? Why is it important to study?

What are the threats of Haor Dying? Write the environmental importance of Haor in Bangladesh?

Define pollution, environmental pollution & pollutants? List the causes of air, water, soil & noise pollution with their remedies?