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Reproductive Anatomy I, Landmarks, Main Parts, image, vesico-uterine pouch…
Reproductive Anatomy I
Bony Pelvis - Male & Female
Hip
Pelvic inlet (indicated by red lines in slide)
Pelvic cavity that contains the sexual organs among other organs
Pelvic outlet
Childbirth here
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
Greater sciatic notch
Greater sciatic foramen
Forms with the union of the
sacrospinous ligament
(from the ischial spine to the sacrum)
Piriformis runs through it, splitting it into suprapiriform, and infrapiriform
Suprapiriform
Superior gluteal artery & vein
Superior gluteal nerve
Infrapiriform
Sciatic nerve
Inferior gluteal artery and vein
Inferior gluteal nerve
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Pudendal nerve comes out and into lesser sciatic foramen
Lesser sciatic notch
Lesser sciatic foramen
Forms the lesser sciatic foramen with the
sacrotuberous
(sacrum and ischial tuberosity) ligament
Internal pudendal artery & vein
Pudendal nerve, and to the pudental canal
Obturator internus tendon
Nerve to obturator internus
Oburator foramen
Ischial tuberosity
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Superior ramus
Pubic tubercle
Interior ramus
Acetabulum
Fits head of femur
Obturator foramen
Obturator artery
Obturator vein
Obturator nerve
Sacrum
Inferior view
Pubic rami
Pubic symphysis
Sacrotuberous ligament
Ala of sacrum
Diamond shaped pelvic outlet
More rounded for female
Heart shaped for male
Anterior
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic cavity
Greater and lesser foramen
Obturator foramen
Relationships and structures
Pelvic organs - Male & Female
Male Reproductive system
Gross Anatomy & Histology
Pertioneum
Posterior wall of abdomen
Surface of bladder
Reflected to the rectum
Upper 1/3, anterior and lateral aspects
Middle 1/3, cover only the anterior aspect
Lower 1/3, not covered by peritoneum
Infection can be trapped here
Anterior to posterior
Bladder
Posterior rectum and anal
Posterior view of the bladder
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Vas deference
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Prostatic urethra surrounded by prostate gland
Cowper's gland
Testes and the epididymis
Digital Rectal Exam
Prostate is usually soft and pliable
Else, it feels nodular, like a cauliflower
Infection like prostatitis
Neck of bladder
Prostate
Urethra
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Penile urethra
Less prone to infections compared to females
Can be ruptured during a fall
Seminal vesicles
Coiled tubular structure (15cm).
Mucosa highly folded.
Pseudostratified, columnar, secretory epithelium. Basal cells+.
Secretory granules in columnar cells. Protein synthesis organelles.
Lamina propria: elastic fibres plus smooth muscle.
Wall: circular and longitudinal smooth muscles.
Adventitia: elastic fibres.
Secretion contains:
Vit.C -important for sperm nutrition
Fructose: to provide energy for spermatozoa.
Prostaglandins: alter contractions of the Fallopian tube.
Fibrinogen, globulin, inositol, etc.
Prostate
Chestnut-shaped fibroromuscular and glandular organ
Has septa of fibromuscular tissue.
Glandular elements: 30-50 branched tubulo-alveolar glands arranged as
Mucosal Glands
Submucosal Glands
Main Glands
Ducts: open into prostatic urethra
Prostatic fluid – stored and expelled during ejaculation.
Capsule: fibroelastic, rich in smooth muscle
Acini lined by pale cuboidal or columnar cells, rest on basil lamina.
Laminated concretions: corpora amylacea (glycoprotein - in old age will calcify).
Acinar cells rich in lysosomes. Acid phosphatase++
key histological feature
Corpora amylacea
Abnormality
Benign hypertrophy
Benign hyperplasia
Cancer
Female Reproductive system
Gross Anatomy & Histology
Anterior view
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries
Ovarian follicles
Body of uterus
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium (layer where menstruation is done)
Fundus of uterus
Uterine cavity
Cervical canal
Cervix
Ovary structure
Fallopian tube, with infundibulum at the end
Once a month, mature follicles rupture
Ovarian follicles are varying stages of development
Ligaments that hold the uterus in place
Think of pitching a tent, with the cervix as the pole
Sacrocervical ligament
Transverse cervical ligament, or the cardinal ligament
Pubocervical ligament
Must remember. Stone Temple Pilots
Normal anatomical position of uterus and vagina is
Anteverted
Angle of anteversion is between axis of cervix and axis of vagina. If less than 90 degrees, it's retroverted and more susceptible to prolapse.
Anteflexed
Angle of anteflexion is between axis of uterine body and axis of cervix. Usually 90 degrees. If more than that, uterus is susceptible to prolapsed
Anterior to posterior
Abdominal wall
Pubic bone and symphysis
Bladder and urethra
Short and straight, prone to infections
Uterus, cervix, vagina, majora labia, minora labia, vulva
Rectum and anal canal
Peritoneum
Posterior abdominal wall
Bladder
Cervix
Reflected to body of cervix
Fundus of uterus
Body of uterus
cervix
1 more item...
Follicular development
Birth: 1,000,000 oocytes
Puberty 40,000 oocytes
400-500 matured from menarche (menstruation)
Rest in atrophy
Primary oocyte in primordial follicle
Primary follicles
Secondary follicles
Graafian follicles, with antrum
Ruptured follicle (ovulation)
Corpus luteum
Degenerating corpus luteum
Aorta
Common Iliac
External Iliac
Lower limbs
Internal Iliac
Internal organs
Landmarks
Main Parts
vesico-uterine pouch
Recto-Uterine Pouch
