Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Indonesia case study, Timeline, indonesia map - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Covid-19 -- upper middle to lower middle income
      - 9.2 - 10.4% (spt19-mar21) poverty rates
  - - - loss of sovereignty to IGOs?
- - - - fear that Indonesia's democratic institutions are too weak to withstand a concerted assault from islamists.
      - fear that country's social fabric is fraying and sectarianism is on the rise
      - using laws to pressure out Ahok
      - MUI said that it was blasphemous (not binding, but influential)
      - Feb 15: He wins but without 50% of the vote
        
        in the second round, he had a landslide defeat
        
        hard-liners had had succeeded in forcing political institutions to bend their will
        
        questions about judicial independence and politicisation of courts -- long since been subject to external pressure and corruption
    - - Jokowi won election through a pluralist message
        
        inclusive nationalism above Islam
        
        charisma, common touch, pro-development reputation, stances on piety and religious discrimination
      - nationalism's historical embrace of religion made it easier for the Jokowi to form an alliance with the NU
        
        chose a particularly conservative leader to run with to gain support in the most populous regions
        
        trying to get religious people on his side
      - announces the capital move from Jakarta to East Kalimantan
        
        about addressing inequality and releasing some of the pressure off Java
        
        political strategy for development: spreading power and jobs its across the country
        
        Jakarta is sinking (est 25cm/yr) and environmental burden
        
        risk excaberated by new apartment blocks, shopping malls, and gov't offices etc
        
        air quality, access to drinkable water, reliance on wells etc
        
        increased risk of catastrophic flooding
      - 2020
        
        traditional neutrality has meant it has a disproportionately small impact on global politics and forums (eg. UN)
        
        unsustainable for development
        
        looking to China as a path, but there is a popular distrust in the population. Beijing are harassing them
        
        ambiguous message about the course Jokowi wants to take
        
        EEZ in the SCS -- China moving into Indonesian waters, harassing fishermen etc, while Cambodia and Laos are acting as proxies for Beijing
        
        proxies prevent ASEAN from addressing China's frequent intrusions
        
        USA are backing Indonesia in the EEZ disputes
        
        China is their biggest trading partner
        
        other local powers: Australia, India and Japan working with USA over Quad
        
        Jokowi described Australia as Indonesia's "closest friend"
        
        The Quad accounts for more of Indonesia's trade % than China, collectively
        
        direct investment from Japan has helped to develop a high-speed rail line between Jakarta and Surabaya -- on schedule and budget -- better in comparison to the delays and spending for the Chinese project between Jakarta and Bandung
        
        2021
        
        US influence
        
        SEA decision makers feel that there is a lack of US commitment, with a poll saying that 77% of people felt that US engagement in the region declined over the past 4 years.
        
        Covid-19
        
        Hit Indonesia harder than any other SEA country
        
        Rizieq Shihab
        
        self-imposed exile to Saudi Arabia in 2017 but returned in 2021
        
        vocal critic of democracy and some of the main tenets of Pancalisa, the guiding principles of the Indonesian state.
        
        Pancasila -- five principles, like a constitution
        
        apparently timed his return to exploit his oppponents unfavourable circumstances due to the public health crisis and its socioeconomic effects
        
        involved in the blasphemy against Ahok thing, is an "Islamist populist"
        
        FPI: student-led, subsidised by the military
        
        one of the highest death tolls in the region
        
        Jokowi seen as trying to protect the economic development over social development
        
        informal economy is bearing the brunt of the economic downturn in 2020
        
        more than half the workforce are in the informal sector, making enforcing lockdown a lot harder.
        
        job reform law started protests wanting him to resign
        
        different sides of the political spectrum coming together because they don't like the law
        
        Jokowi barred from running for president again -- potentially trying to open a path for his son
        
        2022
        
        environment
        
        fishing industry sustainable by 2025
        
        subsidies and lack of monitoring
        
        7mil tonnes of catch annually is the 2nd largest fishing nation (after China) with most being used for domestic consumption.
        
        90% of Indonesian boats catch from areas that are already overfished and overcrowded.
        
        subsidies and tax deductions have increased catches over the past decades
        
        government policy exacerbates the issue -- conflicting and inconsistent policies etc
        
        local level up to global level to address the environmental issues
        
        since 2014 radical methods used against illegal boats, sinking more than 300 foreign and domestic vessels in only 4 years, but that gap has been filled by locals and there has been a strong increase in fishing
        
        climate change/global warming
        
        sea levels rose 21-24cm globally since the pre-industrial level
        
        BRIN estimates that at least 115 of Indonesia's small islands are on the verge of sinking
        
        Malacca straight is losing tons of m^2 of land etc
        
        could follow the route of the UAE in reclaiming land and coastal protection
        
        technological needs to address the short term issues
        
        needs global cooperation to address the long term issues