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Union Legislature - Coggle Diagram
Union Legislature
FUNCTIONS OF THE LEGISLATURE:-
- parliament should have at least 2 sessions of parliament.
- each session is summoned by the president
- the gap between each session shan't be more than 6 months
PASSING BILLS:-
- bill introduced by a minister is called a govt. bill
- bill introduce by any1 else is called private member's bill
Ordinary Bill:-
- either ruling party or opposing party can introduce it
- Can be introduced in either house
- After 3 readings; it is sent to second house. Second house can send back with suggestions but if not made within 6 months, Deadlock is created which is then solved by a joint session called by the president.
- Joint session is presided over by Speaker of lok sabha then after further discussions, bill will be passed to president
- president can send it back with suggestion but if it is sent back without any changes, president must sign the bill and make it a law and then an act
Money Bill:-
- Can only be introduced by ruling party in Lok Sabha.
- After 3 readings, it is sent to rajya sabha. Here bill must be passed or sent back with suggestion within 14 days or it will be assumed as passed. Lok sabha can reject the rajya sabha's suggestion
- Lok sabha is more powerful in terms of money bills.
STAGES BY WHICH A BILL BECOMES A LAW
1st reading:-
- member introduces bill in a house; copies are given to all members.
- Introducing member explains the porpose of the bill
2nd reading:-
- Bill is thoughtfully discussed and members can suggest changes
- A committee will be set up by the speaker and they will belong to different parties. They will scrutinise it and come up with positive and negative implications.
3rd reading
- after suitable modifications; it is time for voting. if majority agrees, it will be passed to the next house and a similar system will be followed. If passed there, the bill will be sent to the president who will make it a law then an act.
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INTRO:-
- India's law making body is called the Parliament.
- made up of two houses, Lok Sabha(House of People) and Rajya Sabha(House of state)
- Members are called Members of Parliament or MPs.
- Holds sessions in Parliament house or Sansad Bhavan in Delhi
Forms of govt.
Parliamentary Form:-
- Executive is answerable to Legislature so if it looses majority support in the parliament, it has to resign.
- President is elected by electoral college consisting of MPs, Legislative assemblies, Legislative Councils.
Presidential form:-
- President is directly elected by the people and hence wields greater power.
- president heads executive and the executive is not answerable to legislature
- too much power in the hands of the president.
RAJYA SABHA:-
- Upper house or council of states
- 250 maximum strength
- elected indirectly by state assemblies and 2 Union territories.
- 12 members are nominated by the president. Ppl like scientists, jurists, novelists are nominated.
- Cannot be dissolved; 1/3 of its members retire every 2 years; each member has a term of 6 yrs.
Presiding Officer
- Vice president only gets it because he/she is vice president
- deputy chairperson is elected among themselves.
Qualifications for contesting:-
- Indian citizen
- 30+ years
- Sound mind
- not bankrupt
- not hold any salaried govt. job.
LOK SABHA:-
- Elected directly by the people.
- Maximum strength is 552, now there is 545 but this grows with population of the country
ELECTIONS OF LOK SABHA:-
- country is divided into several constituencies with equal population in each.
- Many candidates can participate from a single constituency, They can be linked to a party or be individual.
- Candidate with most votes is the new MP.
- Party with majority seats in election, is invited by the president to make its leader the new PM.
- No clear majority, like minded parties who are willing to negotiate can form a coalition government.
- parties that oppose the coalition or majority party, are called the opposition.
- Bye elections- Happen in a constituency if the MP dies before completing his term
mid-term elections- If Lok sabha is dissolved before 5yrs(if ruling party looses majority support before 5 yrs is done)
TERM OF LOK SABHA:
- 5yrs but can be dissolved earlier by president on advice of PM
Qualifications:-
- Indian citizen above 25yrs
- Sound mind and not bankrupt
- Not hold any salaried govt. job
Sessions of parliament:-
- Budget session- (Feb to May)
- Monsoon session- (July to August)
- Winter session- (Nov to Dec)
THE SPEAKER:-
- presiding officer of lok sabha; usually belongs to ruling party.
- elected among members of the house and he/she must remain impartial as he/she is principal spokesperson of the house
- Deputy Speaker is also elected ad usually belongs to leading opposition party. Assumes as speaker in absence of a speaker.
POWERS:-
- presides over lok sabha
- maintains discipline over lok sabha
- certifies money bills
- allows members to ask questions
- Casts his/her vote during deadlock or tie after voting.