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EMT Pharmacology - Coggle Diagram
EMT Pharmacology
Forms of Medication
Topical Medications: applied directly to surface of skin, only affects area that is in contact with (lotions, creams, ointments)
-Lotions: contain mostly water, absorbed most rapidly
-Ointments: contain least amount of water, absorbed slowest
Transcutaneous Medications: pastes/gels designed to be absorbed through the skin, into blood stream and have a whole-body/systematic affect
-slow absorption with prolonged effects
-usually applied w/ patches
-providers use caution not to get on own skin; will be absorbed and will take effect
Metered Dose Inhalers: canister of compressed gas used to spray medication to be inhaled into the lungs
-medication broken down into small enough particles to be inhaled
-primarily used for lung specific illness/issues
-MDI delivers same dosage with each use
-shake MDI vigorously before use due to suspended particles
Gels: viscous semiliquid substance given PO for ingestion
-may come out of tube or in a capsule (Oral Glucose)
-thick and sticky
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Gasses for Inhalation: gaseous substance like Oxygen inhaled into lungs
-administered via nasal cannula, nonrebreather mask, bag-valve mask
-delivered at specific air flow rates, Ex.) 15L/min.
Tablets & Capsules: medications given in a small capsule filled w/ powder or a liquid or medication in pills made of compressed powder
-both designed to dissolve in water or digestive fluids
-taken PO (slow absorption) or Sublingual (rapid absorption)
Rights of Medication
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Right Time
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cloudiness, particles, discoloration = :forbidden: NO GO
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Right Documentation
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If its not documented, it didn't happen!
Aspirin (Bayer)
Action: anti-inflammatory, anti-fever, prevents new
platelets from clumping
Indications: headaches, muscle aches, fever, chest pain
Contraindications: hypertensive, recent bleeding
Adverse Affects: Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reaction
Interactions: use caution when patient taking
anticoagulants
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Concerns: do not use for pain caused by trauma
Not for child fevers
Patient must be alert & aware to chew/swallow tablet
Epinephrine (EpiPen)
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Indicators: Anaphylactic reaction
Contraindicators: chest pain, hypertension, hypothermia
Adverse Effects: hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness
Interactions: increase effects of other NS stimulants
Dose: 0.3mg Adult 0.15mg Child, Intramuscular Injection
Concerns: lasts aprx. 5min, do not repeat dose, call for ALS
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Nuprin)
Action: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID), reduces inflammation and fever, analgesic
Indicators: mild pain, fever, headaches, muscles aches
Contraindicators: hypersensitivity
Adverse Reactions: nausea, vomiting stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reaction
Concerns: do not take for trauma
Dose: 200-400mg every 4 hrs as needed (PO)
-weight of child more important than age
Interactions: do not take w/ Aspirin
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
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Indicators: mild pain, fever, headache, muscle aches
Contraindicators: hypertensive
Adverse Reaction: allergic reaction
Concerns: many OTC contain acetaminophen, take caution not to OD
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Nitroglycerin
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Indicators: chest pain of chronic origin
Contraindicators: hypotension, ED meds, head injuries
Adverse Effects: headaches, burning under tongue, hypotension, nausea
Concerns: ensure ALS is in route
Dose: 0.3-0.4mg Sublingual, Tablet, Transdermal, Spray
Naloxone (Narcan)
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Indicators: opioid OD, shallow breathing, pinpoint pupils, low BP, unconscious
Contraindicators: Hypertensive
Adverse Effects: nausea, vomiting
Interactions: additional doses may be needed for severe OD, patient likely to wake up combative
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Atrovent (Ipratropium)
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Indicators: asthma and difficulty breathing w/ wheezing, bronchospasms
Contraindicators: hypersensitivity, chest pain, tachycardia
Adverse Effects: tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety, restlessness
Interactions: increase effects of other nervous system stimulants
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Oral Glucose
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Indicators: hypoglycemia
Contraindicators: decreased lvl of consciousness, vomiting, nausea
Dose: 1 tube PO (Orally)
Concerns: patient must be alert & aware, capable of following instructions, clear airway