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PMP questions Always Go the source of the issue - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Affinity diagram is a tool used in project management to organize and categorize a large amount of data or ideas into logical groups or themes. It is particularly useful in Brainstorming sessions, where a team generates a large number of ideas that need to be organized.
- - - - BDD: behavior driven development : GIVEN: a certain situation, WHEN something happens, THEN we want this to happen. This is an extention of TEST DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT whereby automated test and simulations are created before developing the product. flwas are dicovered by forcing the tests to fail before producing the unit in a way that will pass the tests.
      - SMOKE TESTING This is a technique that is used to determine whether the basic functions of a system or application are working correctly
      - ACCEPTANCE TEST DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT This technique involves writing tests that define the expected behavior of the system or application.
      - RED GREEN REFACTOR This is a technique used in Test Driven Development (TDD), where tests are written before the code is developed. In the Red phase, a test is written and expected to fail (showing red), in the Green phase the developer writes the code to make the test pass (showing green), and finally in the Refactor phase, the code is optimized and refactored to remove any duplication, improve readability, and maintainability.
- - - - Inspection Costs: The cost of inspecting products or services to ensure that they meet quality requirements.
      - Testing Costs: The cost of testing products or services to ensure that they function correctly and meet quality requirements.
      - Audit Costs: The cost of auditing processes, procedures, and systems to ensure that they meet quality requirements.
      - Calibration Costs: The cost of calibrating equipment and instruments used to measure and test products or services.
    - - Internal Failure Costs: Costs incurred as a result of defects that are identified before products or services are delivered to customers, including rework, scrap, and downtime.
      - External Failure Costs: Costs incurred as a result of defects that are identified after products or services are delivered to customers, including warranty claims, returns, and customer complaints.
    - - Net Present Value (NPV): A technique used in CBA to calculate the present value of future cash inflows and outflows associated with a project, taking into account the time value of money.
      - Return on Investment (ROI): A technique used in CBA to calculate the financial return on a project or investment, expressed as a percentage of the initial investment.
      - Payback Period: A technique used in CBA to determine how long it will take for a project or investment to generate enough cash inflows to pay for its initial cost.