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Systemic lupus erythematosus - Coggle Diagram
Systemic lupus erythematosus
a type of autoimmune connective tissue disorders
Autoimmune disorders
what are they?
a group of systemic diseases where the immune system attacks connective tissues, leading to chronic inflammation, autoantibody production, and multi-organ involvement.
Types of SLE
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE)
Acute Cutaneous Lupus (ACLE): Characterized by the butterfly (malar) rash across the cheeks and nose, often associated with systemic lupus.
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus (SCLE): Lesions appear as red, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas, typically without scarring.
Chronic Cutaneous Lupus (CCLE): Includes discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), which causes scarring and pigmentation changes, usually on the scalp, ears, and face.
Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus (DILE)
Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus (NLE)
Childhood-Onset Lupus
Lupus Nephritis
Neuropsychiatric Lupus (NPSLE)
Clinical Manifestations
Immunology
Investigations
Laboratory studies
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)
Positive titers of ≥ 1:80 have ∼ 98% sensitivity for SLE (entry criterion for the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for SLE).
If negative, consider differential diagnoses and/or follow-up with the patient regularly.
Antigen-specific ANAs: Request only if ANAs are positive.
Anti-dsDNA antibodies
Anti-Sm antibodies
Imaging studies
SLE Immunohistochemistry
to check
Treatment
Complications
Prognosis
Clinically unpredictable
The course of SLE is extremely variable
Remissions and relapses
The most severe is a renal disease leading to hematuria, proteinuria, renal failure, and hypertension
The most common causes of death are renal failure & intercurrent infections, followed by diffuse CNS disease
depends on
Epidemiology
Prevalence: SLE affects approximately 20 to 70 individuals per 100,000 worldwide.
Gender Disparity: Women are disproportionately affected, being about nine times more likely to develop SLE than men.
Age of Onset: The disease commonly manifests between the ages of 15 and 45.
Ethnic Variations: Higher prevalence seen in African, Caribbean, and Chinese people