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REPRESENTATION THEORIES - Coggle Diagram
REPRESENTATION THEORIES
STUART HALL - THEORIES OF REPRESENTATION
focuses on how
representations are constructed through codes
and that
stereotypes reflect the views of those in power
.
helps us understand
how representations are constructed
.
helps us understand the
inequalities of power in society, through stereotyping
.
Hall
challenges his own ideas, he suggests that
stereotypes can be rejected by the audience
through
negotiated or oppositional
readings.
Gilroy
would argue that
racial stereotyping is an historical issue which is entrenched in british culture, making it harder to challenge
.
DAVID GAUNTLETT - THEORIES OF IDENTITY
focuses on how
audiences use media as a toolkit for their own identity
, via
ROLE MODELS
and
how older representations tended toward stereotypes
whilst
modern representations are more diverse
.
helps us consider
how audiences use the media to construct identity.
helps us understand the
importance of context
when considering representations,
historical vs contemporary.
Hall
argues that the
media is not diverse
and is
saturated with stereotypes
.
Gilroy & Hooks
highlight the
mis- and under- representations evident in mainstream media texts
.
LIESBET VAN ZOONEN - FEMINIST THEORY
focuses on
females being often reduced to stereotypes
in the media (
SEXUALISED, DOMESTICATED
etc), and how
males are not subject to the same objectification and discrimination
.
helps us understand the
disparities in gender representation in mainstream texts
.
helps us understand the
impact of the context on a representation
.
Gauntlett
would challenge this suggesting
contemporary representations are much more positive and diverse
.
Butler
would agree but would argue further that these
gender 'labels' are not necessary
.
BELL HOOKS - FEMINIST THEORY
focuses on
INTERSECTIONALITY
, the idea that there is a
hierarchy of discrimination in the media
, along the lines of
sex, race & class
.
helps us explore texts in terms of the
WHITE SUPREMACIST CAPITALIST PATRIARCHY
.
helps us
identify marginalised groups
and
consider the extent to which they are mis- or under- represented
.
Jenkins
would argue
digital media has presented a clear challenge to intersectionality
, the collaborative efforts of BLM online.
Gauntlett
would offer an arguement highlighting a much
more diverse media landscape today
.
JUDITH BUTLER - GENDER PERFORMATIVITY
focuses on the idea that
gender is a performance and
that
gender binaries are reductive today
.
helps us
explore more diverse gender representations
, especially
beyond the heteronormative
.
helps us consider
how more traditional representations are reinforced through 'rituals'
.
Gauntlett
would offer an argument highlighting a much
more diverse media landscape today,
there are a lot
more fluid identities in the media today
than ever before.
PAUL GILROY - POSTCOLONIAL & ETHNICITY THEORY
focuses on how
ethnic representations often relect postcolonial attitudes
linked to
civilisationism and racial hierarchies
.
identifies
issues with ethnic representations in the media
, mis- and under- representation.
helps us understand the
inequalities of power in society, through stereotyping
.
Gauntlett
would challenge this suggesting
contemporary representations are much more positive and diverse
.
Jenkins
would also adopt a more optimistic position suggesting that
media technology has encouraged diversity through online collaboration.