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The Reproductive System By: Daisy Hernandez Per. 5 - Coggle Diagram
The Reproductive System By: Daisy Hernandez Per. 5
MAJOR FUNCS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MALE & FEMALE
Does not become active til puberty
Form specialized cells for sexual gametes
-sperm (gametes in males)
-Ova (eggs) gametes in females
Zygote (sperm & egg fuse) - 1st cell
Support fetus (gestation) & (parturition) body
ANATOMY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES
SPERM DELIVERED
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory Duct
Urethra
ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS
-seminal glands, -prostate, -Bulb-urethral glands
SCROTUM
Sac of skin & superficial fascia, hangs out abdominopelvic cavity (paired testes).
THE TESTES
Tunica Vaginalis: outer layer from peritoneum
Tunica albuginea: inner layer forms fib. capsule
Sperm goes through semi tubes, tubule, retestis, efferent ductules, to epididymis.
DUCTUS DEFERENS & EJACULATORY DUCT
Ductus deferens: through the inguinal canal to pelvicas
Vasectomy: cutting & ligating DUCTUS deferens
URETHRA
PENIS
Root & shaft ends in glans penis, prepuce (foreskin): cuff of loose skin cover. glans
CORPUS SPONGIOSUM: surrounds urethra & expands to form glans & bulb of penis
CORPUS CAVERNOSA: paired dorsal erective bodies
ERECTION: erectile tis, fills with blood, penis enlarges
MALE ACCESSORY GLANDS
SEMINAL GLANDS
PROSTATE
BULBO_URETHRAL GLANDS
ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES
OVARIES: paired structures in uterus
THE UTERINE TUBES: usual site of fertilization
Infundibulum: opening to pelvic cav.
THE UTERUS: Receive, retain, and nourish fertilization ovum
THE UTERUS
WALLS:
perimetrium: outermost
Myometrium: bulky middle layer
Endometrium: muscosal lining
VAGINA
EXTERNAL GENITIALIA
MAMMARY GLANDS
HORMONES
MALE
TESTOSTERONE
LH
FSH
GnRH
FEMALE
GnRH
FSH
ESTROGEN
porgesterone
HORMONAL REGULATION
GnRH stimulates FSH & LH secretion
FSH & LH stimulates follicles to grow, mature, and secrete sex hormones:
-stimulate cells to release estrogen
Negative Feedback inhibits gonadotropin release
Positive feedback stimulate gonadotropin release
-estrogen levels rise, release hydominant follicle
-triggers LH surge
LH surge triggers ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum
Negative Feedback inhibits LH & FSH release
EVENTS OF THE HOMORNAL FEMALE CYCLE
FOLLICULAR PHASE OF OVARIAN CYCLE
Several versicolor follicles are sensitive to FSH.
FSH level drops in middle of FOLLICULAR phase
-dominant follicle out competes follicles and one continue
-non-dominant follow undergoatresia
LUTEAL PHASE OF THE OVARIAN CYCLE
Follicular and luteal PHASE in between.
Ballooning ovaris walls ruptures expelling 2nd oocyte with corona radiata
1-2 release more than 1 secondary oocyte+ fraternal twins
THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Days 1-5: menstrual phase:
-hormones are low
-gonadotropin rises -
stratum Func detaches uterine wall & sheds - period lasts 3-5 days
Day 5 grow ovarian follicles produce more estrogens
Days 6-14: Proliferative phase
rise estrogen lev
things out normally thick cervical mucus to facilrtate sperm
ovulation occurs end on day 14
Days 15-28 Secretory (postovulatory) phases
prepares for embryo to implant
If fertilization does not occur
-Corpus luteum degenerates toward end of secretory phase
-Endometrial cells die and glands regress
-Blood vessels fragment and Func layer sloughs off and cycle starts again on 1st day of menstruation
DISORDERS ( including STI's)
TESICULAR CANCER
rare, common in M age (15-35).
mumps lead to inflammation (sign)
cryptorchidism is a risk factor.
SIgns: painless, solid mass in testis
-90% removed by surgery.
PROSTATITIS
PROSTATE CANCER
3rd most common cause of cancer death in mates
CERVICAL CANCER
Affects 450,000 FEMALES, kills half (age 30-50)
-risks: cervical inflammation: STI's, HPV or multiple pregnancies -Gardasil: 3 dose vaccine: protects against HPV
BREAST CANCER
2nd most common cause of U.S. women death (13% of women) - Risks:
-Earlyon menstruation
-no pregnancies or 1st late
-no or short periods
-family history
Diaginosis: mammorgraph xray
Treatment: radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery
CHLAMYDIA
Symptoms; wrethritis, penile and vaginal discharges: abdominal rectal or testicular pain
-can pick up from birth
only 20% women and 10% men
TRICHOMONIASIS
parasitic infection more common in women -symptoms: 70% of women have none, 30% have yellow- green vaginal discharge with odor
GONORRHEA
in males can include urethritis, painful urination, discharge of pus, can cause inflammation if untreated.
In females can include abdominal discomfort, vaginal discharge, abnormal uterine bleeding & possible urethral symptoms
SYPHILIS
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)
GENITAL HERPES
METHODS & CLASSIFICATIONS OF CONTRACEPTIVES
Condom
female condom
pill
HORMONAL ring
UID
Injection
implant