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STRESS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - adrenaline will decrease
      - adrencortcotropic hormone is released, this increases the blood sugar to make the body cope with stress better
      - exhaustion (if stress continues for even longer the body will start to deplete because the adrenal glands can no longer function)
    - - (if stress continues for even longer the body will start to deplete because the adrenal glands can no longer function) THEN blood sugar will plummet (persons physical health will start to deteriorate)
    - - he used rats and exposed them to a variety of extreme stresses
      - cold hot condition (either in a extremely hot or cold room)
      - intense sound condition
      - intense light
      - forced exercise
      - observed and took blood samples to test how there body was reacting after each stressor
        
        found - they followed the same phases to GAS
      - AO3
        
        unethical
        
        rats so cant link to humans
    - - spent 20 years taking blood work from nuns and working women
      - found working women had much higher blood sugar levels than the nuns because they experienced higher stress and had a quicker paced lifestyle
      - supports resistance phase
      - A03 - doesnt differentiate between types of stressors, any level of stress will cause symptoms but it doesnt account for that
  - - - prolonged stress
      - activates the hypothalamus
      - activates the puititary gland to release cortisol
      - helps body to produce a steady flow of sugar to produce energy but also decreases the immune system and cognitive abilities (person will become sick and may experience memory loss/less alert)
    - - found acute stress only occurs in men
      - women produce oxytocin and they 'tend and befriend'
      - supports androcentric theory
    - - they found women who had been abused as children had more adrenaline and their SAM pathway was activated a lot quicker
      - SAM pathway is effected by environmental factors
    - - personality plays a role in responding to stress (based on how you perceive the stressor, those that are much more open minded will perceive it as a challenge)
- - - - 43 stressful life events, each one has a life change unit which reflects how stressful it is. People will add up the life changing unit they experienced in the last 12 months so if they score below 150 means there health is fine - if there score is between 150 to 300 then they have 50% chance of experiencing illness in the next year. If they get above 500 they have an 80% chance of experiencing illness in the next year
      - deterministic
      - people experience life changes differently, might not be representative to the individuals experience (eg. divorce is different depending on the person)
      - it only discusses life events in the last 12 months (life events tend to have long term effects which means just bc it wasn't in the last 12 months doesnt mean its still not having an effect)
    - - this has 117 daily hassles and this will range from work, health, environment etc. people will identify the amount they have experienced and how severe they were. they have 135 uplifts so things like good sleep, seeing friends - people will identify how many they experience and the frequency of them per day (then will add up how many hassles and uplifts they have and if there is a balance they are less likely to be effected however, if they have a larger gap between the two they are more likely to be stressed)
      - subjective to the individual, some may identify hassles as more stressful than others
      - uplifts might not always balance out the hassels
      - acknowledges stress in a more holistic way
  - - - when stressed, skin produces more sweat which produces an electrical conductor - use polygraph tests where they attach electrodes to the middle finger and the index finger - release a very tiny electric shock and they identify how much electrical conductance they get (MORE CONDUCTANTS YOU PRODUCE THE MORE STRESSED YOUR BODY IS)
      - TWO TYPES
        
        TOMIC CONDUCTANTS (RESTING)
        
        PHASIC CONDUCTANTS (MORE ACTIVE)
      - A03
        
        objective way of measuring stress (scientific)
        
        doesnt explain cause of the stress
        
        may be effected by extraneous variables (could be too hot)
- - - - RAHE
        
        he gave the social adjustment rating scale questionnaire to 2700 sailors, this assessed the number of life changes they had undergone in the last 6 months, assessed their health records/health issues - found a positive correlation, the more life changes they experienced the more health issues they faced
      - JACOBS AND CHARLES
        
        they looked at children who developed cancer - they got the parents to complete a questionare based on the life changes the child underwent before they developed cancer - control group who didnt have cancer to compare their life changes, they found the children who developed cancer had experienced several life changes
      - A03
        
        questionnaires because they can be unreliable
        
        only found a correlation, cant establish cause and effect from a correlation
        
        sailors have quite stressful jobs so it may not be life change stress but work place stress
    - - KANNER
        
        Studied 100 participants, got them to complete the hassles and uplift scale, they did this every month for 9 months, then got them to do the life changes questionnaire 2 and a half years before the study and then 1 month after, they looked at health records - found there was a positive correlation between daily hassles and health - daily hassles had a higher impact than life changes (CAN BE USED TO EVALUATE LIFE CHANGES)
      - FLETT
        
        he got 320 students (half male half female), they had to read a scenario a male or female who had experienced a major life event of daily hassle - they had to rate the amount of support they would give the person (found those who suffered from major life events were more likely to be given support - suggests daily hassles lack emotional support causing them to be more stressful than life changes)
      - A03
        
        questionares making it unreliable/making it prone to social desirability/very subjective
        
        tested males and females, not being androcentric
        
        1) assessed daily hassles and life changes which means it has better validity, eliminate extraneous variables than could link
    - - BOSMA
        
        10000 civil servants, they worked in several positions within the job field (cleaners, CEOs), stated in a questionare their workload and their job role. they then looked at any potential symptoms for heart disease - did a follow up study 5 years later, and found that there was no correlation to work load illness but there was between job control illness - suggests the extent of which they have autonomy over their workload has the biggest impact on stress and the effect on their health
        
        Questionare/unreliable
      - GEYORKOS
        
        meta analysis where they reviewed cross culture studies where they reviewed job control and stress - they found that individualistic cultures who had a lack of control over their workload had a high stress trigger, whereas in collectivist cultures job control was seen as less desirable so had less effect - it suggest that work place stress is culturally relative, we cant generalise because different cultures respond differently
        
        could have extraneous variables that were involved in the data they were using
        
        cant be generalised to everyone, shows culture differences