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SOCIALISM - Coggle Diagram
SOCIALISM
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REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISTS
Marx and Engles- 'proletariat revolution '- believed working class must rise up and overthrow capiatlism
1 successful reolution in 1917- Lenin and the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia
believed the state was an agent of class oppression only acting in the interests of capital 'bourgeoise state"
early industrialisation produced stark injustices in working class so they wanted a revolution to fight against poverty and exploitation
In order to build socialism they needed to overthrow bourgeois in proletariat revolution
Regular election were a facade and were to conceal the reality of unequal class
MARX AND ENGLES- believe capitalist societies would eventually be overthrown in proletariat revolution
Argued state would serve the interests of whichever class controlled the economy
Human nature has been contaminated by capitalism
SOCIAL DEMOCRATS
Keynesian- pragmatic approach to the economy was the only way to generate wealth
commitment to social justice- there was conflict between economic efficiency and egalitarianism- equality of the people
Electoral viability was threatened by deindustrialisation and decline of working class - Labour Party lost 4 successive general election 1979-1992 - 1983 GE manifesto inc policies of old labour was referred to as 'longest suicide note in history" - socialism was declining
Keynisiam could be viewed as a modest form of top down state intervention
ANTHONY CROSLAND- Social Democrat, argued for comprehensive education that catered for all abilities - believed comprehensive schools would break down class divisions
- State managed capitalism- mixed economy
- Argues that well capitalism is humanised human beings will begin to flourish
THIRD WAY
Believed socialism in the form of top down state intervention was dead - acceptance of free market- Anthony middens - emphasis on eq of app - role of the state is social investment
"Blair project" - emphasis of moral responsibility- education, education, education - strengthen skills of country's workforce
Asset based egalitarianism- access to assets and opportunities for individuals to realise their potential
Embrace competition state
COMMON OWNERSHIP - socialists criticise private property because its unjust - wealth is produced by collective human effort so should be owned by the community
- it morally corrupting as It encourages people to be amterlistic and believe human happiness is gained in the pursuit of wealth
It divisive - foster conflict between owners and workers
Marx and Engels envisioned the abolishment of private property and the creation of a classless, communist society
e.g Stalins second revolution was a system of state collectivisation- common ownership came to mean state ownership - soviet union
Social Democrats want a 'mixed economy'- mixture of publicallly and privately owned industries- e.g Attlee Labou gov nationalised the 'commanding heights' of the economy, coal, steel , gas -gov helped to regulate the economy without the neednfro colllectivisation
WORKERS CONTROL - Refers to number of schemes which aim to give workers full control over where they work and make decisions - arguably they are key in production so should be given influence over process
Fairer distribution of resources that will benefit all workers not just shareholders and executives - this would also help to collapse distinction of social class
However these schemes can be utopian in nature and not understanding that entrepreneurs need workers who have he skills to lead which not all will have - greater management role for employees may have a negative impact on the success of the business
Revolutionary socialists believed after the revolution the proletariat should own the means of production through common ownership - wealth is a product of collective human effort so should be owned by the collective
Third Way rejected workers control- didn't focus on empowering wc they wanted free market capitalism - favoured privitisation
COLLECTIVISM- we are capable of overcoming social/economic problems by the power of working together
we are tied to together by principle of fraternity- brotherhood
humans are malleable-we are shaped by our experiences so we can only be understood by our social groups
so it is in our interests to work together to create bonds of sympathy
socialists believe human beings cab be motivated by moral incentives instead of material incentives - capitalism rewards metrialistically through wages -moral incentives is the sense of responsibility towards others
Social Democrats wanted a balance of both incentives
ROSA LUXEMBURG- accepted Marx argument that capitalism promoted exploitation
Evolutionary socialism wasn't possible-only revolution would provide real chage
However she had a different view on how it should be achieved - suggested it being 'spontaneous' through mass strike action
Rejected marxist ideas of dictatorship leading to proletariat revolution and advocated for the construction of a new democracy
BEATRICE WEBB- 'Inevitability of gradualism'- the state could be expanded to introduce socialism- socialism was inevitable in a democracy due to the rise of the working class electorate so there was no need for a revolution
ANTHONY GIDDENS- acceptance of free market economy - emphasis on equality of opportunity - asset based egalitarianism