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Geography A-Level Coasts - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Controlled by the moon's gravity and the centripetal force to earth
      - Spring tides: Especially strong tides
      - Neap tides: when there is the least difference between high and low tides
      - Macro-tidal ranges (>15m) can create waves that surge upstream and are capable of erosion
  - - - Wave energy
      - Erosion
      - Deposition
    - - Saturation can lead to an increase of pore pressure which causes landslides, mudflows, slumps or (during earthquakes) liquefaction
    - - Strong backwash can build up a bar leading to a positive feedback loop
- - - - Formed when magma cools
        
        Intrusive (underground) (large crystalline structure)
        
        Extrusive (aboveground) (fine crystalline structure)
      - Granite and Basalt
      - More resistant, impermeable (1mm p.a. recession)
    - - Rock changed by heat and pressure (linked to tectonic activity)
        
        Shale to slate
        
        Sandstone to quartzite
        
        Limestone to marble
      - Hard crystalline structure but lines of weakness (1cm p.a. recession)
    - - Created by pressure forcing layers of sediment together (creates fossils)
      - Clastic (1m p.a. recession)
  - - - 718 islands
      - Filled with water in Ice Age
- - - - Pioneer species begin to grow on bare mud and soil
      - Reduce the windspeed to allow more sediment to be deposited, stabilise with their roots and build a humus layer
      - Other species now able to tolerate the conditions emerge and assist in the process
      - Climax community created: Halosere (salt marsh), Psammosere (sand dunes)