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Loftus and palmer - Coggle Diagram
Loftus and palmer
Second experiment procedure
sample - 150 students from Washington uni
shown short film of a multiple car crash lasting 1 minute
participants given a standardised questionnaire with filler questions and 1 critical question of " how fast were the cars going when they [verb] into each other"
verbs: 1) smashed 2) hit 3) control group had not critical question
1 week later participants given a questionnaire with filler questions and 1 critical question of "did you see any broken glass"
Second experiment results
"smashed" has mean estimate of 10.5mph
"hit" had a mean estimate of 8mph
16 people in the smashed condition said yes to to seeing glass, 7 people said yes in the hit condition, and 6 said yes in the control
34 people said no to seeing glass in the smashed condition, 43 in the hit condition and 44 from the critical condition
First experiment procedure
sample - 45 students from Washington uni
shown 7 videos of car crashes each 4-20 seconds long
Participants given a standardised questionnaire with filler questions and 1 critical question of "how fast were the cars going when they [verb] into each other"
verbs: 1) smashed, 2) bumped, 3) collided, 4) hit, 5) connected
First procedure results
speeds estimated incorrectly.
mean speed estimates for lowest verb (contacted) was 31.8mph
mean speed for highest verb (smashed) was 40.8mph
conclusions
reconstructive memory hypothesis was supported
EWs for car crashes not good at estimating speeds
leading questions can influence memory of EWs
Aim
To explore how info provided after an event, in form of leading questions, may affect people's memories