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C5 Hormones - Coggle Diagram
C5 Hormones
Key Endocrine Glands & Their Hormones
Pancreas
Insulin & Glucagon
Controls blood glucose levels
Thyroid
Thyroxine
Regulates metabolism, heart rate, and temperature
Pituitary gland (Master gland)
Many hormones (e.g. ADH, FSH, LH)
Controls other glands and regulates body conditions
Adrenal glands
Adrenaline
Prepares body for "fight or flight" response
Testes (male)
Testosterone
Controls puberty & sperm production
Ovaries (female)
Oestrogen & Progesterone
Regulates menstrual cycle & female puberty
Menstrual Cycle & Hormones
FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
Pituitary gland
Stimulates egg development & oestrogen production
Oestrogen
ovaries
Thickens uterus lining & inhibits FSH
LH (Luteinising Hormone)
Pituitary gland
Triggers ovulation (egg release)
Progesterone
Ovaries
Maintains uterus lining & inhibits LH & FSH
Days
Day 1-5: Menstruation (period).
Day 14: Ovulation (egg release).
Day 14-28: If no fertilisation, hormone levels drop & cycle restarts.
Contraception (Hormonal Methods)
Oral Contraceptive Pill: Contains oestrogen & progesterone, prevents ovulation.
Implants/Injections/Patch: Slow release of progesterone, prevents egg release.
IUD (coil): Releases hormones or stops sperm reaching egg.
Hormones & the Endocrine System
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions.
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to target organs.
Control of Blood Glucose (Homeostasis)
Too high: Pancreas releases insulin → Liver & muscle cells store glucose as glycogen.
Too low: Pancreas releases glucagon → Glycogen converted back to glucose.
Adrenaline & Thyroxine
Adrenaline (from adrenal glands): Increases heart rate, boosts oxygen & glucose to muscles.
Thyroxine (from thyroid gland): Controls metabolism & is regulated by negative feedback.
Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes: No insulin production → Treated with insulin injections.
Type 2 Diabetes: Body cells don’t respond to insulin → Managed with diet & exercise.
Fertility Treatment
IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation):
Embryos implanted into the uterus.
Eggs collected & fertilised outside the body.
Fertility drugs: Contain FSH & LH to stimulate egg release.
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
Used to maintain a stable internal environment.
Example: Thyroxine regulation:
Low thyroxine → Pituitary releases TSH → More thyroxine made.
High thyroxine → Pituitary stops releasing TSH → Less thyroxine made.