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Chap. 8/9 The human population & development - Coggle Diagram
Chap. 8/9 The human population & development
Demography- field of collecting and presenting info about human populations
Carrying capacity-the number of people a place such as a town, city, country, or the world can support
Humans are K-strategists(long lifespans, older age, fewer offspring, and parental care
Revolutions promoting population growth- 1. Neolithic Revolution- 12,000 yrs ago transition from hunter gathers to communities based around agriculture. 2. Industrial revolution- roughly 200 years ago transition into steam powered machines. 3. Medical revolution- 200 years ago self explanatory 4. green revolution 1960s focused on increased crop yields 5. environmental revolution- change from focus of economic gain regardless of destruction of the economy to maintaining our environment
Population and Consumption-Why are growth rates higher in low income countries? Growth rates are higher because they're having children faster than the elderly are dying
Total Fertility rate- Avg. # of children a woman has in her lifetime
Crude birthrate- # of live births per thousand in a population in a given year
Replacement level fertility- fertility rate replacing the parents population
Consequences of Rapid Growth- population growth, envi. degration, resource overexplotation, migration
Rapid growth is occuring in less affluent nations
Envi. Footprint- estimated amount of land and ocean required to provide resources and absorb wastes
Population growth formula- I=P
A
T, P(population) A(consumption patterns) T(technology in society)
Wealthy nations are responsible for most consumption
Projecting Populations- population profiles- bar graph depicting age structure of females and males. Understand the difference of population profiles in relation to affluence
What happens to nations if TFR declines?
Ex. Sweden(Highly Developed)- The population profile will show that they will have an increase in the elderly, a smaller workforce, and increaed pressure on healthcare systems due to increased elderly
Ex. Burkina Faso(Not developed)- Can lead to a smaller population potentially boosting economic growth
Population Momentum- current age structures effect on future populations
Positive momentum- Low income nations(increase) This is because the younger populations are still going to be having children
Negative momentum- Developed countries(Decrease) because the older populations won't be having as many children
Demographic transition- shift from high brith and death rates to low
Epidemiologic Transition- discovery of modern medicine(death rates decreased drastically
Fertility Transition- reporduction decrease in low income nations
Demographic dividend- Depnedency ratio- ratio of nonworking age to working population. Important for developing countries
Larger families= poor lower income countries; smaller familes- urbanization and development
How do we decrease fertility rates? 1. decrease extreme poverty 2. increase education 3. more access to clean drinking water 4. access to contraceptives