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POPULAR CULTURE - Coggle Diagram
POPULAR CULTURE
Other factors
Economic
Most people relied on the harvest to provide food, and therefore money
During the winter, many families went hungry, as meat was a luxury for most peasants
In-explainable plagues caused fear within society, which led to witchcraft being used as a scapegoat
European elites were exempt from hardships due to a lack of food and intense, dangerous working conditions
Childbirth caused death in both rich and poor, as well as the pain of surgery
Literacy rates were increasing, but common people were still unable to read or write
In Western Europe, peasants were ordinary people who paid rent to landowners.
In Eastern Europe, peasants were serfs, who were forced to provide labour for the landowner
Religious variation caused differences in lives, due to contrasting doctrines
Taverns were great sources of entertainment, where men exchanged news, gambled and bargained
Festivals, like May Day, midsummer and harvest, were celebrated with feasting, drinking and dancing
Elite
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Learned elites were university scholars and churchmen. However, by the 17th century, many scholars were at odds with churchmen
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Court nobility, and royal families, divided from common nobles, with little land.
In Italy and the Netherlands, nobles had ties to cities and were involved in commercial activity. In France and Eastern Europe, nobles shunned such activity
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Rural and urban
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Villages had communities built over centuries. Therefore, all human activity was regulated by century old customs and norms
Village councils and assemblies controlled aspects of communal and private life -> law and order was communally enforced
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Gender
Women were seen as inferior to men and were therefore excluded from education, politics and many jobs
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Males role was to provide and govern household, females was to manage the home, look after the children, and help the husband with agricultural/ industrial production
Women gathered at 'spinning-bees' to gossip, which played an important role in shaping public opinions
Geography
Southern European culture centred around the outdoor world of carnival and parades, with tight restrictions on women's freedom
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Rural, mountainous regions vs rural, arable lands