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compare crime and deviance - Coggle Diagram
compare crime and deviance
crime
social definition
a label from a social interaction
blackburn
- " acts attracting legal punishment, offences against the community"
mower
- "an anti social act"
legal definition
legal system defines a crime + punishes
must have an actus reus and mens rea
actus reus- guilty act
mens rea- guilty mind
strict liability
- actus reus but no mens rea
e.g food hygiene problems
legal defences
can use legal defences even if there is an actus reus and/or mens rea
insanity
- unable to understand what they were doing/ unaware that their actions were unlawful
self defence
-
ONLY USED FOR MURDER
can be acquitted if the same
reasonable force
was used to defend themselves or another
difficult to define crime
legal system
problematic- not a scientific discipline
social definition
dependent on that society/culture
deviance
any violation of what society deems as
'acceptable behaviours'
go against dominant social norms, values and mores
social norms
- social expectations to guide behaviour
moral codes (mores)
- good ways of behaviour, breaking them is serious
social values
- shared by most people in a culture, general guidelines
3 types of deviance
admired behaviour
e.g running into a burning building
odd behaviour
e.g full body tattoos
bad behaviour
e.g public nudity
difficulty defining deviance
norms, mores and values differ between societies temporally and culturally
considered a
'state of flux'
deviance will change across lifetimes
informal sanctions
aren't legally binding
occur during face to-face interactions
examples
social exclusion
grounding
dirty looks
formal sanctions for criminal acts
non-court based sanctions
cautions
administered by police
minor crimes e.g graffiti
have to admit to crime+ agree to caution
arrested if not
not a criminal conviction, but put on police database
conditional cautions
given by police but you have to agree to it
certain rules and restrictions e.g drug abuse treatment
penalty notices
given for disorder
court based sanctions
custodial sentences
immediately sent to prison
mandatory life sentences
discretionary life sentences
not fixed by law
fixed term prison sentences
indeterminate prison sentences
not fixed by law
community service
can have combination orders
unpaid work/ probabtion/ curfew
can have orders e.g drug testing
fines
financial penalties
amount depends on severity of the crime
can also depend on financial circumstances of offender
discharge
conditional
if defendant reoffends court can give an alternate sentence (time period)
acquittal
can also be absolute
no penalty imposed