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Germany part 1 & 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - This forced the ruling monarch, Kaiser Wilhelm II, to abdicate on 9 November.
- - - - Had to pay a huge sum of money to the winners. They felt angry and humiliated with the way their country had been treated
      - Germans hated the Treaty as it was forced upon them against their wishes.
        They were ordered to sign it without discussion. Called it a diktat (a dictated peace.)
      - Many Germans didn't feel they had lost the war.
        Instead Germany’s politicians had betrayed the country by asking for a ceasefire before the Kaiser left the country.
        
        They called these politicians, especially Ebert, the November Criminals’. The army had been ‘stabbed in the back’ by them.
    - - took over 70,000 square kilometres of land from Germany and gave it to nearby countries.
      - Took away all Germany’s colonies from overseas.
      - The Saar coalfield (most of Germany’s coal production was given to France for 15 year
      - Germany’s army was cut to 100,000 men. Navy was not allowed submarines. Air force was scrapped. Allied armies were to occupy all parts of Germany west of the Rhine. German forces were not allowed within 50 kilometres of the Rhine.
      - Germany was blamed for starting World War I. (war guilt clause)
      - Germany had to pay reparations to the Allies - that is the cost of repairing the war damage. (£6,600m)
      - Germany was never allowed to unite with Austria (Anschluss).
  - - - . 60,000 French & Belgium soldiers took control of every mine, factory, steelworks and railway in the region.
  - - - This meant that with more money around, the value of everyone’s money went down.
      - The Government kept printing money, causing hyperinflation.
      - Peoples’ money became more and more worthless.
    - - Pensions and savings became worthless
      - Some people with debt gained as inflation wiped them out
      - The wages of workers who kept their jobs rose in line with the inflation
      - Many people blamed the Government and turned towards support extremist groups such as the Nazis and Communists
      - Businessmen suffered as they could not buy goods from abroad and lost their savings and investment.
      - Jewish businessmen kept their savings in foreign banks abroad and were unaffected. This gave rise to anti-Semitism
- - - - 5 – 12 January 1919, 50,000 members of post-World War One Communist Party, known as Spartacists, rebelled in Berlin, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
      - Government was saved when it armed bands of ex-soldiers, known as the Freikorps, who defeated the Spartacist rebels.
        
        By May 1919 the Freikorps had crushed all of these uprisings.
      - Aftermath- communist workers' councils seized power all over Germany, and a Communist People's Government took power in Bavaria.
    - - In crushing the communists the Freikorps had saved the government, but terms of Treaty of Versailles meant Germany’s army had to be significantly reduced and the Freikorps had to be disbanded.
      - 13 - 17 March 1920- in reaction to this, the right-wing nationalist, Dr Wolfgang Kapp led a Freikorps takeover in Berlin.
        ---He wanted to recover land taken away from Germany by the Versailles Treaty
      - Regular army refused to attack the Freikorps and the Government fled from the city.
      - Kapp was only defeated when the workers of Berlin went on strike and refused to cooperate with him.
        
        With no gas, water, electricity, trains or buses running, Kapp fled to Sweden.
    - - 8 November 1923 - in a meeting being addressed by Ritter Von Kahr, leader of Bavaria was interrupted by 600 Nazis who surrounded the building
      - Hitler claimed a National Revolution had begun.
        The next stage would be a march on Berlin to take over German Government.
      - He tried to persuade Kahr to join him and General Ludendorff. -Kahr said he would (a gun was being pointed at his head at the time).
      - Next day- armed police on Kahr’s orders blocked Hitler’s progress. A gun battle started in which 16 Nazis were shot dead. Hitler was arrested.
      - SUCCESSES
        
        When Hitler was put on trial he defended himself admirably. Hitler’s trial received huge publicity.
        For 24 days, it was front-page news.
        ----As a result, Hitler’s fame spread to parts of Germany where he was not well know
        
        Many people sympathised with Hitler and were unhappy with the state of the country
        
        In prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf which became a best seller. In it he set out his vision for the future
        
        Hitler realised that he would have to win votes at the ballot box in future and not with the use of force
      - FAILURES
        
        No one had ever heard of Hitler before the Putsch. He failed and went to prison.
        
        By letting the Bavarian Leader go in the Beer Hall, he was able to alert the authorities
        
        It was snowing on the day of the march to Berlin and this put many people off attending
        
        The Stormtroopers had no firing pins in their weapons. When they met the Bavarian police there was no contest