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Chapter 6 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6
What Problems did People face Immediately after the Japanese surrender?
Food shortages
Wartime, post-war disruptions to production, shipping
Countries could not produce enough to sell overseas
Merchant ships destroyed
Insufficient warehouses for storage (BMA first cleaned harbour to allow ships' entrance)
Essential supplies' prices controlled
Free meals for children under 6
Economic Difficulties
1945: banana notes useless (Left many people without straits dollars stranded)
BMA issued special grants (Insufficient for large families to survive)
Schooling Disruptions
War disrupted schooling for many
BMA opened schools quickly for schooling ages and overages
Grants, waived school fees provided
1946: 62,000 students enrolled
How did the Japanese establish Control in Singapore?
Using Force
Meting out Harsh Punishments
Imprisoning Allied Soldiers
Carrying out Operation Sook Ching
Coercing the Chinese Buisness Community
Winning Loyalty
Providing Benefits to the Locals
Imposing Japanese Culture
Teaching the Japanese Language
Cultivating the Japanese spirit
Using Propaganda
How did the Locals repond to the Japanese Rule?
Collaboration
Malays as part of the Japanese administration (E.g. policing, neighborhood associations)
Chinese contributed by becoming informants for the Kempeitai during Operation Sook Ching
Resistance
Some locals refused to work with Japanese
(E.g Malay Regiments)
They were executed
Others formed resistance movements (E.g. Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), Force 136
Both worked with British to oust Japanese
Notable figure: Lim Bo Seng of Force 136
Organised anti-Japanese activities like boycotts
Captured in 1944
Another notable figure: Elizabeth Choy
Delivered food, money, messages, medicines to prisoners
Captured
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What was Daily Life Like under the Japanese?
Survival
Dealing with Shortages
Limited import of goods into Singapore
Japanese stingy with supplies
shortage of essential items
Japanese introduced strict rations
Locals get rations via coupons
Black markets started
Extremely high prices for goods
Japanese printed more money (banana notes)
Decrease value of money
Eventually worthless
Disease and Death
Healthcare and cleanliness were not prioritised
Food shortages worsened the situation, death rates increased. 1942-1945 : 130,000 deaths
Death mostly due to beriberi, pneumonia, dysentery
POWs affected due to harsh living conditions
living conditions led to poor hygiene and spread of diseases
Japanese used POWs as forces labours, overworked
POWs sent to Siam-Burma Railway to work
16,000 died due to horrific working conditions
Relocations
Japanese encouraged locals to grow own food
Failed to solve food shortages
Relocatted people to rural areas outside Singapore to farm
(E.g Endau settlement inJohor)
Failed due to bandit attacks and anti-Japanese guerrillas
Japanese began another settlement in Bahau, Negri Sembilan
However, land too hilly and soil too poor, major failure
People who relocated had to eat rat, maggots but most died
Leisure and Entertainment
Introduced radio programmmes
Introduced cinemas: Japanese movies and documentaries
Open-air dcreenings of propaganda shows
Sports and cultural activities: football. baseball. tennis, badminton, boxing
POWs: social, religious, sporting activities