Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Pathogenesis, But... #1 cause of sudden…
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Risk Factors
BAD LUCK IS BIGGEST RISK FACTOR (genetics) 60–70% of cases have identifiable mutations in sarcomeric protein genes. First-degree relatives of affected individuals have a 50% chance of inheriting a mutation.
Family history of sudden cardiac death, especially under age 35, suggests a higher risk of malignant arrhythmias.
HCM can manifest at any age, but adolescents and young adults are more likely to present with sudden cardiac death as the first symptom. Late-onset cases may have milder phenotypes but still develop heart failure.
Males = more than females in terms of diagnosis, but females may have more severe symptoms due to smaller ventricular cavity size leading to worse LVOT.
Athletes with undiagnosed HCM are at increased risk for sudden cardiac arrest due to catecholamine surges and increased myocardial oxygen demand. Not more likely to develop HCM, just more likely to die from it. BEWARE INTENSE EXERCISE
Incidence/Prevalance
Many cases remain undiagnosed due to asymptomatic or mild disease.
General population prevalence: ~1 in 200 to 1 in 500 (0.2–0.5%).
HCM is the most common genetic cardiovascular disorder.
More common in men than women, but only slightly
Left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of a secondary cause. Involves genetic mutations, sarcomere dysfunction, abnormal myocardial architecture, and impaired relaxation, leading to diastolic dysfunction and potential outflow obstruction.
Progression to heart failure in some cases.
Microvascular ischemia & fibrosis → Electrical instability and arrhythmias.
LVOT obstruction (in obstructive HCM) = Syncope, ischemia, sudden death.
Diastolic dysfunction = Increased LV pressure, pulmonary congestion.
Genetic mutations in sarcomeric proteins = Myocyte hypertrophy and disarray.
Pathogenesis
But... #1 cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes due to LVOT during exertion.
I HATE COGGLE. I AM GOING TO REMAKE THIS IN ITHOUGHTS. LESSON LEARNED.