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Cultural Variations in Attachment - Coggle Diagram
Cultural Variations in Attachment
Collectivist vs Individualistic
Individualistic
Deviance from norms and adulation of individual success is celebrated
Western nations: UK, USA and Australia
Individual rights and liberties are highly valued
Individual needs hold high social value
Collectivist
Responsibility to others is highly valued
Deviance from norms and adulation of individual heroes is seen with skepticism
Collective needs hold high social value
Common in non-western nations like China
Studies
Takahashi (1990)
Strange Situation
Japanese Infants - Findings
68% were
securely
attached
0% were
insecure-avoidant
32% were
insecure-resistant
When they were left alone they found it so distressing they had to stop the SS as it would be unethical
If they hadn't be so distressed 80% would have been classed as SECURE
Compared attachment types in 60 middle class Japanese infants under 12 months with American infants
Van Izjendoorn (1989)
Aimed to see if attachments vary in different cultures
META-ANALYSIS
Used the Strange Situation
32 studies and 8 countries
2000 infants
Conclusions
Type
A
was found more in western cultures
22% in UK
5% in Japan
Type
C
was found more in Israel, China and Japan
29% in Japan
3% in UK
SECURE attachment type is the most common across all cultures
(50-75%)