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Ecuador - Coggle Diagram
Ecuador
Education
Education was a very big tool for political activism
Educators stressed the ideas of enlightenment
Nationalism
Individualism
Questioning of Authority
Simon Bolivar
Advocated for Ecuador to join Gran Comubia
Sent Sucre to help Ecuador
Led the independence movement in South America
Social Structure Under Spanish Rule
Economic Policies
Forced Labor
Mita
Free indigenous people obligated to work in construction. Indigenous people accrued generational debts during obligated labor causing the Mita system to degenerate into debt-based slavery.
Encomienda
The Spanish king Granted rights to land and the people who lived on it in exchange for taxes, and defense of the territory.
Slavery
African Slaves worked in the hot lowland plantations. 60,000 slaves lived in Ecuador by the end of the colonial period.
Major Exports
Bananas
Coconuts
Cotton
Sugarcane
Molasses
Rum
During the colonial period, Ecuador was mostly rural. Because Ecuador was mineral poor, it relied exporting agricultural products grown on plantations and farms.
Racial Hieracrchies
Peninsularies
Spaniards born on the spanish peninsula
Held most of the land and wealth in Ecuador
Criollos
Spanriards born in latin america
Indigenous People
Black Slaves
Mestizos
Mixed race between spanish and indigenous people
Pre Revolutionary History
Viceroyalties that Controlled the Region
Viceroyalty of New Granada 1717-1723 The Viceroyalty of New Granada was created in 1717 and was formed to improve governance and defense in south America.
Viceroyalty of Peru (1542-1717) The Viceroyalty of Peru was created in 1542 by the Spanish crown to better administer its South American Territories. At its height it controlled parts of 7 countries.
Real Audencia Of Quito (1563-1822) The Audiencia of Quito was the administrative and judicial body governing Ecuador during both Viceroyalties. It had jurisdiction over much of modern day Ecuador as well as parts of Colombia and Peru.
Major Uprising and Revolts
1809 Quito Uprising
led by criollo elites, inspired by enlightenment ideas
Political and Social Tensions
Strict spanish control
Explotation of natural resources and natives people
Resentment of racial hierarchies
1822 Battle of Pichincha
Key Leaders and Military Strategies
Revolutionary Leaders
San Martín
Peruvian General who aided Sucre Alcalá
Defeated the Spanish in the climactic battle of Pinchara
Sucre Alcalá
Venuzualan General
Lieutenant to Símon Bolívar
Fought Against the spanish but had to ask San Martin for help