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New Zealand (12.03) - Coggle Diagram
New Zealand (12.03)
Cultural diversity
Asian 12%
Pacific 7%
European 74%
Mid Eastern, Latin American, African 1%
Other Ethnicity 11%
Maori 15%
Conflict and growth (1860-1880)
Maori were pressured to sell their land for settlements
1860 - war, land was confiscated or bought
New Zealand sold wool and gold overseas
1870 - the government helped British people start a new life in New Zealand
Railways and towns were built
Maori settlement
Probably arrived from Polynesia between 1200 and 1300 AD
Have tattoos (black paint)
First people to arrive in New Zealand
Discovered New Zealand by exploration of Pacific ocean
Ideas about Maori origins
James Cook believed they had migrated from the islands of South-East Asia because of similar appearance and cultures of Maori and Polynesia
Ethnologists claimed that Maori had come from India
Percy Smith calculated that they had migrated together from Polynesia in 1350 CE in one 'great fleet' of seven canoes.
Chatham Island Moriori, like Maori, were descendants of the original Polynesian settlers of New Zealand
Social changes, war, independence (1890-1945)
Rights for women and workers (the first country to give women the vote - 1893)
South African war: loyalty to the British Empire and sent troops for Britain in 1899
Independence - 1907
World War I (joined Britain against Germany)
Te Pehi Kupe
Some tribal traditions say that he was the first Polynesian navigator
He used stars, tide of the ocean as navigation
Came from Hawaiki (ancient iseland on Polynesia) on a special canoe
Tribal life and organisation
The iwi (tribe) is the largest of the groups that form the Maori society
Each iwi is made up of various hapu (clans or descent groups). The main purpose of which were to defend land, and to provide support for its members
Each hapu is made up of whanau (extended families). Everyone helped each other's children and the elderly
Maori were friendly, supportive, lived by agriculture (vegetables from polynesia - sweet potato, for example), berries, roots, they made baskets, weapons (taiaha)
Maori were expert hunters, gatherers and growers, fishers
Abel Tasman
Early visitor from the Netherlands (Dutchman)
A lot of geographical places where named after him (Tasmania, The Tasman Sea)
Seeked land rich in minerals (Great Thousand Continent), In 1642 discovered the west coast of the south ireland, name the country as Holand after the name of Staten Landt (made nothing for the country), created modern name of New Zealand
A new British colony (1840-1850)
1840 - Maori signed the "Treaty of Waitangi" with representatives of the British Queen
Representatives sought sovereignty over the country
Representatives promised Maori ownership of their land and the rights of British citizens
New Zealand wars
Mid-19th century campaigns (iwi Maori and government forces): British and colonial troops with Maori allies
Major periods: mid-1840s, 1860s
Famous people
Margaret Mahy was born in 1936 in Whakatane, on the north coast of New Zeland's North Island
Keri Hulme is New Zeland's novelist, poet, and short story writer. In her works, Hulme incorporates Maori, Celtic, and Norse mythology and engages postcolonial and multicultural identity
Joy Cowley is an NZ writer who began her career writing adult fiction in the 1960s and 1970s
Enter Britain
Captain James Cook
Was sent to Tahiti to observe the transit of Venus
Was tasked with the search for the great southern continent thought to exist in the southern seas
His cabin boy (Young Nick) sighted a piece of land - Young Nick's Head in 1769
Successfully mapped the country and led two more expeditions to New Zealand
Early European settlers
1840 - mainly whalers, sealers, missionaries who came to New Zealand
Had considerable contact with Maori
Maori and Pakeha traded extensively
Some Europeand lived among Maori
Guns, European diseases led to a decline in the Maori population
Native literature
The first book was published in New Zeland in 1830. By the 20th century, authors were expanding their literary exploration into themes of land, geographical isolation and the emergence of national identity
Pakeha (European) literature
Katherine Mansfield is a highly influential New Zeland writer who played a key role in the Modernist movement in the early part of the 20th century. Unlike the other New Zeland Authors mentioned here, she wrote for an adult audience, producing a mix of short stories and poetry. Today she is remembered as one of the greatest of all of the writers from New Zeland's history, with her works being translated into 25 different languages.
Situated near Australia, remote country