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Respiratory System - Izabella Gendorf P:5 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System - Izabella Gendorf P:5
Internal vs. External Respiration
Internal respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissues
External respiration: gas exchange between lungs and environment
Upper Respiratory Structures and Functions
Nose and mouth
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Epiglottis
Functions: air filtration, warming, and humidification
Layers of the Pleurae
Visceral pleura : Inner layer, adheres to lungs
Parietal pleura : Outer layer, lines thoracic cavity
Pleural space and fluid : Gap between layers, reduces friction
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
Tidal volume (TV) : Volume of air inhaled/exhaled during normal breathing
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) : Maximum volume of air inhaled beyond normal breathing
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) : Maximum volume of air exhaled beyond normal breathing
Residual volume (RV) : Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation
Vital capacity (VC) : Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation
Inspiratory capacity (IC) : Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled
Functional residual capacity (FRC) : Volume of air remaining in lungs after normal exhalation
Volume and Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Boyle's Law: pressure and volume are inversely proportional
Atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
Gas exchange (O2 and CO2)
Regulation of pH levels
Filter, warm, and humidify air
Produce sounds for speech and communication
Lower Respiratory Structures and Functions
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchi and bronchioles
Lungs and alveoli
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Functions: gas exchange, oxygenation of blood
Compare and Contrast the Mechanism of Inspiration and Expiration
Inspiration: diaphragm contracts, rib cage expands
Expiration: diaphragm relaxes, rib cage descends
Comparison: inspiration is active, expiration is passive
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : Progressive lung damage, making breathing difficult
Caused by smoking, pollution, or genetics
Asthma : Inflammatory condition causing airway constriction
Triggers: allergies, stress, or exercise
Pneumonia : Infection inflaming lung tissue
Caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
Lung cancer : Uncontrolled cell growth in lungs
Risk factors: smoking, genetics, or exposure to carcinogens
Cystic fibrosis : Genetic disorder causing thick mucus buildup
Affects lungs, pancreas, and other organs