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Salem Boytos Per.5 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Salem Boytos Per.5 Respiratory System
Major functions of the respiratory system
Regulation of Blood pH: Maintains acid-base balance by controlling CO₂ levels.
Protection: Filters out dust, pathogens, and debris.
Gas Exchange: Oxygen intake & carbon dioxide removal.
Sound Production: Air movement through vocal cords enables speech.
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Lung Expansion: Increased volume → decreased pressure → air moves in.
Lung Contraction: Decreased volume → increased pressure → air moves out.
Boyle’s Law: Pressure and volume are inversely related.
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Bronchi: Branches off trachea, leading to each lung.
Bronchioles: Smaller airways that regulate airflow.
Trachea (Windpipe): Carries air to the lungs; contains cartilage rings for support.
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal Respiration: Gas exchange between blood and body tissues.
External Respiration: Gas exchange between alveoli and blood.
Layers of the pleurae
Visceral Pleura: Inner layer covering the lungs.
Pleural Cavity: Space between layers containing lubricating fluid.
Parietal Pleura: Outer layer lining the thoracic cavity.
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Expiration (Exhalation): Diaphragm relaxes, thoracic volume decreases, pressure increases, air exits.
Inspiration (Inhalation): Diaphragm contracts, thoracic volume increases, pressure decreases, air enters.
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia: Infection causing alveoli inflammation and fluid buildup.
Emphysema: Damage to alveoli reducing gas exchange efficiency.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Long-term airflow obstruction.
Lung Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue.
Asthma: Inflammation and airway constriction.
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): Extra air exhaled beyond normal breath.
Residual Volume (RV): Air remaining in lungs after full exhalation.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): Extra air inhaled beyond normal breath.
Vital Capacity (VC): Total air that can be forcibly exhaled after maximum inhalation (TV + IRV + ERV).
Tidal Volume (TV): Air exchanged in a normal breath.
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Pharynx (Throat): Passageway for air and food.
Larynx (Voice Box): Produces sound and prevents food from entering the airway.
Nasal Cavity: Filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air.