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MATERIALS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Hardness
      - scratch fvb.f: make a mark on the A hard matenal is not easilv scratched bv another matenal
      - surface of somethmg The Mohs scale of minerals was created by the Austnan geologist
      - hammer: a tool with a heavy metal Friedrich Mohs (1,3 — 183gl The minerals are graded from I to 10 head used to hit other obiects
      - or surfaces according to how hard the) are Here are some examples
      - weigh (vb.h measure how heavy
      - an obiect s, determine what 1 Tai t 3 Caio te 5 Apatite 7 Quartz 9 Corundum
      - its weight is 2 Gypsum 4 Fiuonte 6 Feldspar 8 Topaz 10 Di amond
      - release (vb,k emit, expel
      - Toughness and brittleness
      - • T oughness is the resistance to breaking that a matenal shows
      - when hit by something
      - • B r ittleness is the opposite, when the matenal breaks easily
      - For instance, if we hit a metal obiect ivith a hammer, e g a bell, it
      - doesn't break If we hit a mirror or glass obiect, it breaks easily
      - ~ Oth er properties
      - Density
      - The piece of wood weighs more than the Density is the relationship between the mass of an obiect and its
      - sponge volume. In the top photograph, the piece of wood weighs more than
      - the sponge, but both pieces are of 4 similar volume The wooden block
      - has a higher density than the sponge
      - Porosity
      - Some matenals can absorb or release liquids or gases tgood, some
      - stones and ceramic matenals are porous (they contain tiny holes called
      - pores). This propem is related to density: if a matenal is more porous,
      - it's less dense Volcanic rocks, like pumice stones, are
      - porous matenais.
      - Permeability
      - Some matenals allow water or other liquids to filter through them
      - An earthemcare iug contamtng liquid, or a wet cloth becomes wet
      - because they' re made from permeable matenals.
      - Impermeability
      - Some matenals don't allow water or other liquids to filter through
      - them For mstance, glass is impermeable, so liquids stored in bottles
      - Permeable and impermeable matenais don't escape. Plastics and cork are also impermeable, or waterproof.
    - - 1 more item...
- - - - Acoustic properties allow materials to transmit sound, magnetism, and optical properties. Steel, containing iron, is a coustic insulator and attracts other metallic materials. Opaque, translucent, and transparent materials allow light to pass through.
        
        Optical properties of materials allow light to pass through them, making them opaque, translucent, and transparent, allowing objects to be seen clearly behind them.
      - material: substance that has been
      - prepared for making different Look at the photographs below What materi ah can we process from
      - types of products each oner
      - iron ore: rock conta ming iron
      - marble. a type of stone used for
      - floors or other surfaces
      - quarry: the place where stone is
      - taken from the ground near the
      - earth's surface
      - hide: the skm of an animal
      - processed to be used to make
      - clothes and other goods
      - Wool comes from the hair of sheep.
      - Cotton comes from the plant of the same name
      - Oil platforms are structures designed to extract petroleum from
      - below the sea.
      - The wood for your desk comes from tree trunks and the steel for its
      - legs comes from iron ore.
      - Marble, lil'e other types of stone, comes from a quarry.
      - Wool, cotton, oil, wood, minerals and marble are examples of raw
      - materials
      - Raw materials are substances that are extracted directly from natural
      - o hie cts.
      - llaw matenals can be classified mto three main categories:
      - • a nimal ongm: wool, silk, hides ...
      - • v egetable ongin. cotton, wood, cork, linen
      - • mineral ongin marble, clay, iron
      - MANUFRACTURED MATERIALS
        
        Manufactured goods are objects created by humans to satisfy needs and improve living standards. They are created using raw materials from nature, processed, and crafted into various pieces.
        
        Acoustic properties allow materials to transmit sound, magnetism, and optical properties. Steel, containing iron, is a coustic insulator and attracts other metallic materials. Opaque, translucent, and transparent materials allow light to pass through.
    - - Ma terials • ' •
        
        plank: wood cut mto flat boards of
        
        Raw materials are transformed by physical and chemical processes varying size and thickness
        
        into the venous types of matenals that are used for manufactunng
        
        They are prepared so that they are ready to use for making many
        
        different products.
        
        • A ph ysical process is when a substance changes its state, for
        
        example when a metal melts The <.hemical composition of the
        
        matenal does not change.
        
        • A chemical process is when a substance is transformed into
        
        a different substame with different charactenstics The
        
        conte is<linn of the material changes For example, petrol
        
        dei ivatives are transformed to create some types of plastic.
        
        Some c immon examples of matenals used for manufa<.turmg are:
        
        paper, planks of wood, pie~tie, metal and glass