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Pre-Revolutionary Colombia - Coggle Diagram
Pre-Revolutionary Colombia
Key groups/ people that fought for independence
(Admin) (Parsons et al.)
Indigenous people: The Tayronas and the Muiscas
Military: Armies were led by figures such as Bolivar and Francisco de Paula Santander. The armies led by Bolívar consisted of mestizos and mulattos, this army defeated the spanish.
Creoles: Creoles: Individuals who were born in the colonies and of Spanish descent
Local juntas (Councils or committees for political or government purpose): Cities formed their own governing bodies such as: The Junta of Santa Fe de Bogotá, formed on July 20, 1810, and The Cartagena Board of Government, formed on May 20, 1810.
Francisco de Paula Santander-one of the military and political leaders during Colombia's independence struggle under Simón Bolívar, Vice-President from 1821 until 1828.
The Casta System: social and racial hierarchies
Peninsulares: The top of the list, these individuals were directly from Spain.
Creoles: Highest under Peninsulares, these individuals were of Spanish descent born in the colonies.
Mestizos: Held major economical power, people of mixed European and indigenous heritage.
Indigenous People and Esclavos (slaves): Held little to no economic power, part of the racial hierarchy but had less status and rights.
Economic policies and resources of the region
Ecomienda
The encomienda system in New Granada required Indigenous people to perform labor and pay tributes in exchange for protection and religious instruction, driven by the Spanish desire to convert them to Christianity after witnessing their cannibalistic rituals. Alongside African slave labor, encomiendas proved highly effective for production, particularly in meeting the demand for mining gold in the region.
Major exports
Coffee
Tobacco
Sugar
Gold- The colony could only export the precious metals to spain
Copper
Simón Bolívar’s Role in Liberation
(The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “What Was Simón Bolívar’s Early Life Like? | Britannica”)
The role Enlightenment thinkers played in his contemporaries
(Bonney)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Through his tutor, who was a student of Rousseau, Bolívar studied Rousseau's writings. He was influenced by Rousseau's ideas on social contract theory and the basis of legitimate authority. Bolívar closely followed Rousseau’s “General will” concept.
Montesquieu: Bolívar followed Montesquieu's philosophy that the power of a leader must not be excessively restricted and they must have the power to make active resolutions.
John Locke: His investigations in the natural rights theory (the theory that individuals have the rights to life, liberty, and property because of human nature rather than on account of prevailing laws or conventions) showed Bolívar that the Spanish monarchy, which had complete control over its colonial empire, was illegal in his eyes.
The Battles Bolívar Fought in Gran Colombia
(The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)(Lynch)
Battle of Boyacá, (Aug. 7, 1819)- Colombia
Battle of Carabobo (1821)- Venezuela
Bolívars vision for a United South America
(Patiño)
Bolivar had the vision of creating a confederation of the people of Latin America. His idea was to strengthen the relationship between republics, and leave the struggle and death caused by the fight for independence in the past.
Bolívars Beliefs in Education
(Pce)
Bolívar believed that education was a pillar in creating a nation full of intellectual and enlightened citizens. He believed this was important to create a responsible and stable democratic republic.
Key Leaders & Military Strategies
Key Figures
(New World Encyclopedia writers and editors) (Parsons et al.)
Francisco de Paula Santander:
Was one of the military and political leaders during Colombia's independence struggle under Simón Bolívar. Vice-President from 1821 until 1828.
Military Strategies
Bolivar sent a fake letter to the Spanish saying that their counterpart was advancing in the south to confuse the Spanish soldiers
Used an unconventional tactic to catch Spanish soldiers by surprise
Bolivar was assigned to attack an 800 soldier army force
Napoleons Impact
In the French invasion of Spain in 1808 the French held the Spanish king captive in France and named Napoleon and his brother as the Kings of Spain. The Spanish in Granada were losing control because the king was gone. In 1810 the people of new Granada threw out the Spanish officials and this started the uprising. They declared independence in 1811.
The major uprisings that took place before Bolívar’s involvement
The Revolt of the Comuneros in New Granada 1780-1781
The Spanish government was having financial problems and needed more money to defend against the British so they implemented the “bourbon reforms” which increased taxes, and diminished local control in New Granada. This was NOT appreciated. Manuela Beltrán sparked the revolt and led rebels to demand less taxation. This was just the start of more independence movements in Latin america.
Convincing Regional Leaders To Join Gran Colombia
Bolívar already proved himself as a respectable leader after leading many battles for independence including the battle of carabobo which won independence for Venezuela. He shared his visions for a liberated nation and used persuasive tactics to convince the leaders to join.